Cyber Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cyber Strategies - Assignment Example Both strategies are formed/ adopted with the aim of maximizing opportunities with respect to limited resources; with an increase in state-sponsored and independent cyber threats, both governments and respective departments have seen the need to lead strong and secure presence in the cyberspace but constrained by the constraints of budget allocation and stricter financial oversights forcing them to acquire transformative ways to acquire, maintain and operate the information technology so as to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and security. Both Strategies are information and technology designed with which detection, alerts and response are convenient to the user. This rules out the duplicative, cumbersome and costly application silos to an end state/ organization; which is cost-effective, agile and convenient as the environment of exchange is rapid and accommodative to changing missions or strategy at an organization level. The strategies perpetuate scientific, technical, industrial and human capabilities in that in order to bar unintended intrusions and ensure security and operations advancement features, they are based on the mastery technology and know-how in areas of cryptology and formal methods, and extensive research and development to catch up with technologically advanced nations/organizations (Jacobs, 2010). They are designed to protect/ secure the information and data of states/organizations and operators of critical infrastructure through robust authentication systems base.

Education - Gymnasium Essay Example for Free

Education Gymnasium Essay Title Education is everywhere in the world. Individuals are learning here and there. Everyone would agree that education is a fundamental way of life. Education is obtained learning from multiple people such as parents, friends, teachers and even other surroundings. Every individual is educated and taught differently. Education should be built not only on the text that lies within a book, but should also be base with everyday life. Agree on McCullough and Oliphant perspectives because grades and how life is not revolved around grades. | Grades should not be based on how smart an individual is. Although Oliphant â€Å"Letter to a B Student† wrote â€Å"Your performance is generally assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain (137). † They could be really intelligent or ignorant, but the letter grade they receive defines who they are. The letter grade that most individuals want to receive is an A, but others settle for the best they can receive. In McCullough speech â€Å"You’re Not Special† he says â€Å"Where good is no longer good enough, where a B is the new C, and where the midlevel curriculum is called Advanced College Placement (McCullough). † Even the ones that try their hardest on something might have a difficult time trying to comprehend the material. They worry about the grade they might receive and it stresses them out. There are individuals that just brush off or brag about the grade they received to make the others feel bad about themselves. For example, one student might have taken an exam that they studied for and failed; the other student did not study and passed. Individuals like to brag about their grades that they probably do not deserve. | How life is not revolved around grades because it is more than that to life. Oliphant said â€Å"Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character (137). † People think that individuals such as students that do not make a high grade that they are not trying their best at what they are doing. There are a lot of wealthy people that are wealthy without grades defining them. Some of them could have made low grades when they were younger and people said they would not be successful it because they are failing everything. There are a handful of successful individuals that did not make it far in school, but is doing something good with their life. Individuals should not judge people because of several failing grades they could be more intelligent than everyone thinks they are. McCullough talks about â€Å"You’re not special, because everyone is (McCullough). †In conclusion, grades should not define a person on what they make on a paper. People should not judge a person by a low grade or high grade. Agreeing with McCullough and Oliphant perspectives. People are more intelligent than individuals think they are. | Works CitedMcCullough, David. â€Å"You’re Not Special. † Myfoxboston. com. Fox Television Stations, Inc. 6 June 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013. Oliphant, Robert. â€Å"Letter to a B Student. † Writing on the River: An Anthology. 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2012. 136-142. Print.

The Beginning Of Time :: essays research papers fc

The Beginning Of Time There was a period in history when the beginning of the world in which we live in was a expressed through legends and myths, now, through the use of increasingly advanced scientific equipment we can see that the universe is more vast and complex than ever imaginable. The purpose of this paper is to bring light to some of the modern beliefs regarding the origin of the universe by answering a series of questions. What are the commonly excepted theories of the evolution of the universe? What is meant by the "Big Bang Theory" and how does it work? And how our planet and solar system developed from The Big Bang? This paper will use scientific data to base the evolution of our universe around The Big Bang. At the present time there are two theories which are used to explain the creation of the universe. The first theory is the infamous Big Bang Theory, which will be detailed later. The second is the Steady State Theory. (Weinberg, 1977) The later hypothesis was created to replace the common belief that the universe was completely static. The expansion of the universe was discovered in 1929 when Edwin Hubble discovered that every galaxy in the universe was moving away from each other, this meant that the universe was expanding. Hubble found the movement of the galaxies by using a phenomenon known as the Doppler effect. This effect caused bodies moving away from an observer to have a "red-shifted" spectrum (the light spectrum of the body had been shifted closer to red) and bodies moving towards an observer to be "blue-shifted" (Hawking, 1988) The expansion was traced backwards through time to discover that all the galaxies had originated from the same point. It was later believed that all matter spawn from that "center of the universe" discovered by Hubble, by means of some sort of enigmatic portal. Matter would collect outside this singularity and form every moon, planet, and star known today. The Steady State Theory was very attractive because it featured a universe with no beginning or end. The theory meant that scientist had to abandon the laws of conservations of mass and energy. It seemed plausible that the aforementioned laws of physics could breakdown at a certain point but more and more evidence gathered against the Steady State Theory, leading to unending modifications to it. Until finally the theory was dropped completely with the discovery of the smooth microwave background radiation (radiation so ancient it had shifted right out of the visible spectrum into microwave radiation). A smooth background to the universe suggested that it was hot and uniform - the

Realism and Liberalism Essay

Realism and Liberalism are two major and dominant theories in global politics. They both have contrasting ideas when dealing with how states should relate to each other. Realism is a conservative and pessimistic theory which states predicts and will act on their national interest regardless of morals. This belief results from people who are selfish and competitive. Realism is a perspective that is dominated by cynicism. Realists place each state in the position of closely observing the actions of their neighbors to resolve problems effectively without regarding moral concerns. Realists only want to maintain their own security. They always want enough power so they can be strong enough to withstand attacks. They believe that the international system is inherently anarchical and cannot really be made peaceful except through power. Realists also do not believe in democratization. Realists also believe that countries will pursue power regardless of being democratic. They believe countrie s will fight for their interests even if they and their opponents are both democracies. Realists claim that only powerful states are true and key actors in international politics. Liberalism is progressive and optimistic. They emphasize that the broad ties among states have both made it difficult to define national interest and decreased the usefulness of military power. Liberals believe that the international system can be manipulated to make peace. Liberals believe in organization like the United Nations. They believe that institutions like that allow various countries to interact in a variety of ways and will lead to less conflict between countries. They also believe in democratizations. They believe that democratic countries will not fight one another. They also believe in non-state actors and their importance. They tend to pay attention to individual leaders and also they give way to non-governmental organizations. Liberals believe military power is not the only form of power. Economic and social power matter a great deal too. Exercising economic power has proven more effective than exercising military power. These theories remind me of a documentary that I watched about Kofi Annan and the theory that he valued. I believe that there is a difference between force and diplomacy. After watching the documentary, I came to a conclusion based on the lectures that Kofi Annan is a liberal. I’m saying this because in the documentary, he states that he speaks for the poor, weak and the voiceless. He explains that he does not have power or any military resources. I also understand that, his influence is based on persuasion and morals but not because he’s the Secretary General. Discussing the September 11th disaster (after), he made it very clear that the United Nations interference was not to side with one team but to create unity amongst all nations. Thus, this eradicates the realist point of view. He stated that the security of every nation was one of the United Nations goals. I think that no other organization can take this job since it’s a very difficult task and it needs a fair and firm leader who will not be bias, or work because of a personal interest. In the documentary, an example on Sesame Street was used to demonstrate how to instill peace amongst individuals, which explained further that its not always about talking or persuasion but it’s the understanding and love that is expressed for one another. From both theories I think it depends on what the person values the most. It’s either their self-interest or the interest of all. For example, Kofi Annan’s documentary made me understand. Bibliography Kofi Annan â€Å" Center of the Storm† PBS

Money in Politics

Politics Under the influence and lobbying I found that a lot interest groups in order to make themselves known they have to spend money to maintain their presence. During my research I noticed a couple effects of money in Politics. One was Health; to my understanding physicians and other health professionals are traditionally the largest sources of federal campaign contributions in this sector, which it has contributed a record $116. 8 million to federal candidates during the 2008 election cycle.I also noticed that pharmaceutical companies and HMO's are consistently generous givers. The health sector as a whole traditionally contributes to republican candidates and parties, certain industries, such as nurses, give more generously to democrats. The fact that the Democratic Party has held office in the past two terms, the health sector has been more giving towards them. I believe this is really smart, considering the fact that wealthier people, as far as doctors usually donate more tow ards the Republican Party.It seems as if they would like to donate their money where there is more control as of now. To my understanding that seems like that they are playing he field very well. Some of the top contributors in 2011-2012 were, Abelson Drug Clinic, donating an amount of 41 they were considered as an outside spending group, Cooperative of American Physicians, donating $2,965,980, also considered as an outside spending group. Another was the American Society of Anesthesiologists, $ 1,565,400, republicans.To me I viewed a lot of this information as, the more money that you have the more of an influence you able to make. Also it has been a change in money and politics due to the fact that big money has always dominated our government and elections. And it has gotten worse since the Supreme Courts, Citizens United ruling in 2010, which allowed corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money on our elections. But as we saw in the election between Mitt Romney and Barack Ob ama, all the private investors that Mitt had didn't win the election.Last year a lot of â€Å"Independent† groups spent about $1 billion on elections. A lot of the money came from anonymous individuals and corporations. I believe that the problem in America politics isn't the amount of money these investors or donators spend on campaigns, I think it is more so who is paying for them, or what re they getting in return for their large lump sums of money that they are donating. Another sector that I looked at was the Finance/ Insurance/ Real Estate.The financial sector is the largest source of campaign contributions to federal candidates and parties, with insurance company's securities and investment firms, real estate interests and commercial banks providing the bulk of the money. What I noticed is that unlike the Health sector, the financial sector contributes generous sums to both parties, but republicans are traditionally collecting more than democrats. It's weird that regar ding the mortgage and banking crises in 2008, the financial sector still managed to donate $468 8 million to tederal campaigns and candidates.To me it doesn't seem like the financial sector was going through that much of a crises considering the large amount of money that that was donated, which was a 80 percent increase during the two previous years. Second I found that recipients of campaign money was a very interesting stand point, considering that the political parties and candidates raise very large amounts of money but spend Just as much as hey raised. For instance the Democratic Party raised $1 with debts that add up to $64,614,629.And the Republican Party raised $1,023,169,751 and spent 59,875 with a debt of 24,337,181. The problem with money in politics is not so much the amount that is spent on campaigns as it is who pays for them, what they get in return, and how that affects public policy and spending priorities. Money that should be going to schools, education, infrastr ucture, and healthcare is redirected to the obscene military war machine socialism for the defense industries. Meanwhile, e are cutting teachers, lessons, and many items that make us a civilized nation.These are more effects that money and politics have on my life. I feel that a lot can be done in order to change what's going on within our government. I feel the causes of more money spent within government leaves with the effect of a poor democracy. John F. Kennedy once said â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. † But what is the country doing for average Americans? I hope one day things can change for the better not for the worse, because in the end the average poor American suffers the effects.

Free Essays on JFK-Conspiracy Or Not

JFK- Conspiracy or not? Was the assassin of John F. Kennedy captured and soon assassinated himself? Was the right assassin even captured? Does the United States even know who committed the crime? Unfortunately these questions have not been answered due to false, confusing, contradictory, and maybe even true but not proven evidence. The case was studied over and over, yet the truth was never brought out. Was the assignation of JFK a total conspiracy? Many say that the mafia played a strong role in the assignation of the president. Word has it that President Kennedy's father was involved with the mafia. It is said that he promised favors to the mafia in return for the mafia's help in getting his son elected president. The mafia agreed and kept their promise. Soon after the election which the mafia helped John Kennedy win, the Kennedy's did not keep up their end of the bargain. The mafia may have felt they had reason for retaliation by ordering the assignation of President Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of killing the president. He was immediately arrested for the crime and soon after murdered by Jack Ruby, which didn't give him a chance to go to trial. Many say he was the lone assassin. Others say he was only one of the shooters. But during the studies of the killing, facts where found saying that it is very unlikely Oswald even had time to commit the crime. It was said he only had ninety seconds to shoot three bullets including loading, reloading, aiming, and firing the weapon. He also had to wipe and dispose of the weapon, run down several flights of stairs, catch his breath, and purchase a Coke from the vending machine seconds before a police officer contacted him and continued searching after Oswald was identified as a worker in the building. Right after Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, the police announced that they had the president's killer. People have been disputing that fact ever since 1963. The m... Free Essays on JFK-Conspiracy Or Not Free Essays on JFK-Conspiracy Or Not JFK- Conspiracy or not? Was the assassin of John F. Kennedy captured and soon assassinated himself? Was the right assassin even captured? Does the United States even know who committed the crime? Unfortunately these questions have not been answered due to false, confusing, contradictory, and maybe even true but not proven evidence. The case was studied over and over, yet the truth was never brought out. Was the assignation of JFK a total conspiracy? Many say that the mafia played a strong role in the assignation of the president. Word has it that President Kennedy's father was involved with the mafia. It is said that he promised favors to the mafia in return for the mafia's help in getting his son elected president. The mafia agreed and kept their promise. Soon after the election which the mafia helped John Kennedy win, the Kennedy's did not keep up their end of the bargain. The mafia may have felt they had reason for retaliation by ordering the assignation of President Kennedy. Lee Harvey Oswald was accused of killing the president. He was immediately arrested for the crime and soon after murdered by Jack Ruby, which didn't give him a chance to go to trial. Many say he was the lone assassin. Others say he was only one of the shooters. But during the studies of the killing, facts where found saying that it is very unlikely Oswald even had time to commit the crime. It was said he only had ninety seconds to shoot three bullets including loading, reloading, aiming, and firing the weapon. He also had to wipe and dispose of the weapon, run down several flights of stairs, catch his breath, and purchase a Coke from the vending machine seconds before a police officer contacted him and continued searching after Oswald was identified as a worker in the building. Right after Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, the police announced that they had the president's killer. People have been disputing that fact ever since 1963. The m...

Presidential Primaries The 2003-2004 Democratic Primary Season is Over Almost before it began essays

Presidential Primaries The 2003-2004 Democratic Primary Season is Over Almost before it began essays The media both writes the story of presidential primaries, influencing outcomes, as well as, in reaction to surprises to the storyline' it has been telling, writes a new story, reeling from the aftermath of a surprise turn' in the primary road after Iowa or Super Tuesday. At first, Howard Dean was the supposed anointed king of the Democratic primary, chosen by young, hopeful anti-war Democrats in reaction to President Bush. However, when Dean's support proved lackluster in early and crucial primary races, Dean began to get more negative publicity, particularly in terms of his more irrational-seeming moments of raving on the stump. The media began to sound the death-knell of his campaign, right along with late night comics. Soon Senator John Kerry became the anointed son in Deans' stead, despite strong showings from Jonathan Edwards. The media admitted it was surprised at the latter's success. Electability, it stated, was key for Democrats this year, rather than ideological conformity. But this does not mean that the media necessarily functions as a purely reactive force. Edwards withdrew from the race after the media began to stress that all his continued action for his own campaign could do was to draw support away from Kerry and create further divisiveness within the Democratic fold. Races were read as make or break' races for Dean, and then for Edwards, respectively. When these candidates' support networks proved not to be immediately strong enough, they were forced to withdraw. The media writes either/or tales of success or failure for candidates. Thus, although the media does not necessarily write the whole story of presidential primaries, it seems to be able to considerably speed up the tale, making the nominee a given' far sooner in the process than was typical of less televised times. A candidate with less support might be less apt to withdraw s...

Top Workplace Trends of 2016 so Far

Top Workplace Trends of 2016 so Far It’s always important to stay on top of the most current and exciting trends in the workplace, no matter what your field. Here are the top 10  biggest trends for this year, according to the Society for Industrial Organizational Psychology. 1. Big DataThis has been on top of the short list for the past few years- and was also number one last year. Companies are increasingly looking for ways to analyze the mounting piles of data they accrue and find ways to maximize what they learn from that data to improve their business. Businesses need to keep strategizing how to get the best analysis and make the best interpretations in order to make their best decisions.2. TechnologyTechnology continues to evolve faster than we can keep ahead of it. And we are relying on it more and more. Businesses need to focus on figuring out how that reliance, plus the increased prevalence of automation, might affect their hiring and staffing decisions- not to mention training emphases for current and new employees.3.  Working RemotelyMore and more people are getting the opportunity to manage their own schedules and work remotely. Businesses need to keep an open mind as to how to best manage teams who are not all working from the same physical location- and how to keep productivity as high as possible.4. More Frequent ReviewsGone are the days of performance reviews only happening once or twice a year. The evaluation process will become more like an ongoing conversation between employees, supervisors, and management. This focus on continually improving will help employees develop faster and better- and help companies help them to improve.5. Employee EngagementEngaged employees are better employees. So much research confirms this. They go the extra mile so much more often. Businesses should constantly be thinking how to raise employee engagement, which will help boost productivity and set a constructive and positive office culture.6. Wellness for EmployeesBusinesses are under mu ch more pressure these days to provide health and wellness incentives for employees. The healthier the workers, the better the work!7. FlexibilityBusinesses are required to be more and more agile and flexible in their business practices. The willingness to take risks and innovate is proving to pay off more and more often. This will need to be incorporated into organizational principles and missions, including flexibility with work schedules.8. Work/Life BalanceThere’s more and more focus these days on offering better work/life balance for employees. And more and more employees are demanding such a focus. Businesses will have to figure out which strategies work best, and which are less effective, in order to compete.9. DiversityHiring practices will hopefully adapt to include more diversity in the workforce, and also more diversity-oriented thinkers in positions of authority. This is an important one, and is required to matching the ethos of the future.10. Social MediaSocial m edia sites like Facebook and LinkedIn will be used much more for hiring and recruitment- not just for networking. There are legal issues to keep in mind on both sides, for both workers and employers.

Statistics 401 Mod 2 Case - Hypothesis Testing 1 Coursework

Statistics 401 Mod 2 Case - Hypothesis Testing 1 - Coursework Example Since then in the U.S. genetic engineering has expanded in various areas of food production. In 2006, among all countries of the world, United States alone grew 53% of genetically modified crop (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). The purpose of this study is to evaluate influence of GM food over non-GM food. In order to do so, this assignment has selected Tomatoes. It is claimed that genetically modified tomatoes show longer shelf lives than non-genetically modified tomatoes (Discovery). This assignment uses statistical design method to verify this claim. The design method is called hypothesis test. There are two different hypotheses; null hypothesis, and alternative hypothesis. If one hypothesis is true then the other hypothesis is false. In this design, null hypothesis is defined as Ho: The mean value of shelf lives of GM tomatoes is equal or greater than the mean value of shelf lives of non-GM tomatoes. The alternative hypothesis is defined as Ha: The mean value of shelf lives of GM tomatoes is less than the mean value of shelf lives of non-GM tomatoes. In a mathematical way, the test tends to satisfy the condition SL mean GM > = SL mean non-GM, where SL mean GM is the mean value of shelf lives of genetically modified tomatoes and SL mean non-GM is the mean value of shelf lives of non-genetically modified tomatoes. ... are less than       non-GM tomatoes non-GM shelf lives                   Hypothesis Evaluation against observations Acceptance of hypothesis Observations Ho Ha Ho Ha Test confirms null, Ho Null is TRUE Alternative is FALSE No Error Type I Error Test does not confirm null, Ho Null is FALSE Alternative is TRUE Type II Error No Error Type I error: Tomato growers do not buy GM plants and lose money from rotting tomatoes. Type II error: Tomato growers buy GM plants, which are more expensive than non-GM, but shelf lives do not increase. Tomatoes may be produced both from genetically modified or non-genetically modified plants. The study claims that shelf lives of GM tomatoes are greater than the shelf lives of non-GM tomatoes. Through statistical test it can be verified whether the distributions of shelf lives of GM and non-GM tomatoes differ from each another or not. This can be achieved through Chi-square test. The Chi-square test consists of (1) hypothesis formulation, ( 2) test design plan, (3) sample data analysis, and (4) result interpretation. The Chi-square test also assumes the following: GM tomatoes sampling is random; the population is10 times larger than the sample; the variable is categorical, and each level of the variable has at least 5 frequencies. The Chi-square study uses shelf lives values from GM tomatoes population and compares them to the shelf lives values of non-GM parameters. In Chi-square test, shelf lives of non-GM parameters are considered as expected values. The shelf lives of non-GM parameters include three levels: (1) mean value of the population, (2) greater than the mean value, and (3) less than the mean value. If the GM tomatoes do not increase the shelf lives, then the study will duplicate the non-GM results. On the contrary, if the GM

Broodstock Managment and larval rearing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Broodstock Managment and larval rearing - Essay Example In this system, water exists through the centre of the tank by gravity and is then through bag filters of sizes 300 um for filtration before going through a sump that maintains the levels of water. After this, system water is then pressurized by 2-hp pump through a glass media filter that is capable of trapping and retaining particles of up to 5um, and then passed through a UV filter followed by a 8-hp heat pump temperature control before going back to the maturation tank (Benetti et al, 2010). Approximately 25% of the pressurized, flowing water is passed through a side loop made up of a trickle biofilter and a foam fractionators before going back to the maturation tanks (Benetti et al, 2010). Biological control for ecto-parasites that may affect the broodstock during maturation in the maturation tanks is very important. Neon Gobies (Gobiosoma oceanops) is often stocked together with broodstock fish as a cleaner fish. Research has shown that Neon gobies has been successfully used to prevent ecto-parasites in maturation tanks with mutton snapper, and greater amberjack, thus its interaction with cobia adults may be helpful in maintaining broodstock cobia (Benetti et al, 2010). Diet used for feeding broodstock is made up of artificial formulated feeds as well as squid, sardines and no lesser degree shrimp. This should consist of about 3-5% of biomass daily. Mineral and vitamin supplements are also given to the broodstock daily especially when frozen feed is used mainly to compliment any possible nutritional deficiency that may arise from frozen feed (Benetti et al, 2010). To obtain spawns, the environmental conditions upon which broodstock is kept is manipulated especially the water temperature. As stated by Aquaculture Research (2008), all spawns occurred naturally at a temperature of 24-300C during the natural reproduction season extending from April to march yearly. Trials have indicated that females can

Ar.iclo p824 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ar.iclo p824 - Article Example Despite the fact that and washing is an important component of oral health education, a vast majority of people forget to wash their hands, probably because they take the repercussions of their negligence for granted. Owing to the sensitive nature of the female gender, credible research shows that females are highly likely to wash their hands as compared to their male counterparts. Although dental workers have the professional and personal responsibility of washing their hands, they ought to encourage every other person to wash their hands, at least by invoking the thought of contracting an illness (Kelsch, 2013). Oral healthcare section is a critical department within any healthcare center. In this regard, maximum hygiene is crucial in this section, especially considering the fact that clinics have some instruments that are predisposed to germs. Under ordinary circumstances, people touch such medical instruments either intentionally or unknowingly. Nonetheless, the biggest risk lies in people’s forgetfulness and wrongful assumptions. Most people assume either that the objects that they touch are sterile or they simply forget that hand washing is a key component of dental hygiene. Owing to the high rate at which oral infections spread, it is critical for people to be more aware of the existence of germs and hence wash their hands frequently and appropriately (Kelsch, 2013). Due to the anaerobic nature of some bacteria, it is not advisable to take disinfection as the last resort and not consider it as an effective way of eradicating bacteria. In most cases, these bacteria will stay on surfaces even after disinfecting the object. Objects such as bib clips are a good example of perfect hideouts for oral bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria that reside in oral cavity (Kelsch, 2013). Besides, Kelsch (2013) adds that some anaerobic bacteria that are isolated from the skin and those residing in the

Financial Markets and Institutions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Markets and Institutions - Assignment Example The basic foundation of a central bank serving as a lender of last resort is that in an economy, panics can occur which leads to bank runs. In such a situation, those maintaining deposits in commercial banks withdraw their funds from the bank as a result of economic speculation or fear over negative economic consequences. During a bank run, commercial banks can become insolvent, requiring the assistance of an institution (the central bank) to ensure that banks maintain liquidity is such a phenomenon occurs. Being the lender of last resort has become controversial, especially considering events during the recent global economic recession where many central banks injected capital into banks that were facing insolvency. Over-reliance on the central bank impacts other sectors in an economy. This essay explores the role of the central bank, emphasising why being a lender of last resort maintains many controversial implications from multiple perspectives. Evidence is that the controversy hails from irresponsible banking management and from poor fiscal policy developments concocted by the central bank itself. Central banks supply liquidity insurance to the commercial banking system which consequently endows liquidity insurance to other aspects of an economy, including corporations. Funds available for this action in a central bank encompasses notes held by public investors and reserves (deposits) sustained by a nation’s banks. These funds are manifested by the central bank as a result of autonomous will assuring that its value is comparable to products and services value in the economy. It is through these activities that an economy achieves macroeconomic stability. Concurrently, the central bank mandates the reserves that must be held by banks to insulate them from potential bank runs. Therefore, the central bank guarantees that commercial banks meet stringent standards of ensuring solvency. However, in 2007, many commercial

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Essay - 3

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Essay Example The company is well known for establishing product leadership in various grounds like skin care, house care etc. It employs almost 125000 employs and sells almost two hundred brands or more across the globe. Procter & Gamble has developed greater than 28 technical centers around the world (PG-Global, 2012). The company has included market research procedure for taking strategic decision while expanding its business in the market (Kotler, 2009; Silverstein, 1997). It has been successful in extending business operations extensively and achieved high revenue in this time period. The study will perform Procter & Gamble’s strategic analysis in the following manner: 1) Analyzing the business level strategy of the company. 2) Analyzing the corporate level strategy of the company. 3) Analyzing its competitive environment. 1) Analyze the business-level strategies for the corporation you chose to determine the business-level strategy you think is most important to the long-term success of the firm and whether or not you judge this to be a good choice. Justify your opinion. The SWOT analysis of Procter & Gamble will help in understanding its business level strategy (Graul, et al., 2006). It will help in realizing the alignment related to the organizational issues (Ansoff, 1965; Dickson, 2002; Valentin, 2001; Panagiotou, 2003). This will help to formulate different strategies for overcoming the threats and weaknesses (Porter, 1991). Strengths The company utilizes the economies of scale for reducing the production cost and offering competitive prices, for the products, to its customers. Procter & Gamble has high brand reputation among the customers because of the prolonged business operations in the industry. The company makes high investment in the research and development for developing quality products. Weaknesses The financial statement analysis of Procter & Gamble shows that the cash flow of the company is shrinking. Its domestic market is saturated due to the e xistence of a large number of competitors. The biggest competitor of Procter & Gamble i.e. Unilever is competing highly in the detergent segment because of which the company is being forced to maintain competitive pricing strategy. The company’s cost structure is increasing because of increasing operating structure. The company adopted retrenchment strategy in order to perform cost minimization. Opportunities There is huge scope or opportunity of the company to extend its product line by expansion of its portfolio in the beauty and health segment. The expansion of its product portfolio will help in increasing its market share as well as number of customers. Procter & Gamble has low market share in the developing countries like India, China, and Brazil etc. It has the opportunity to perform market penetration in these regions. Its domestic retail market has an increasing growth trend from past few years which provides opportunity to the company to cater the needs and demands o f the customers here. Threats In the developing market sector of the business operations of Procter & Gamble the local players are giving tough competition to the company and the developed market segment is being saturated gradually because of the existence and entry of large number of multinational companies. The cost associated with the value chain has increased gradually which has made it tough for the company to achieve economies of scale. Recommended Strategy for long term success Procter & Gamble

Airport security - Government's use of invasive pat-downs and body Research Paper

Airport security - Government's use of invasive pat-downs and body scans are essential to ensure passenger safety - Research Paper Example Ten years may have come and gone, yet the consequences of that singular event have forever changed the outcome of human civilization (Mitcherner-Nissen, Bowers and Chetty, 2011). The 9/11 terrorist attacks have invariably led to the tightening of security measures being undertaken all over the world. In the United States, legislative enactments have been undertaken placing security administration and defense management among the considerations to be deemed as state priorities (Mitcherner-Nissen, Bowers and Chetty, 2011). The operation of the airport has been taken over by the federal government following clear indications that there has been significant lapses in judgment and laxity of control in airport management which have exacerbated the 9/11 attacks (Parks, 2007). As a result, the United States government took over the helm of the battle against terrorism and called for the support of all nations in the international arena (Parks, 2007). With the enhancement in security measures being undertaken in US airport terminals, there has been a move towards the utilization of advanced equipments such as whole-body scanners and backscatter scanners in addition to the physical pat-downs being performed (Mitcherner-Nissen, Bowers and Chetty, 2011). However, ethical issues have caught the attention of many people as the mentioned scanners appeared to have been too detailed in its examination stepping well into the basic human right to privacy (Schauer, 2011). But the fact remains that there are those who would argue that such is a small price to pay for the relative enjoyment of peace and security of the greater many (Mitcherner-Nissen, Bowers and Chetty, 2011). In this debacle, one thing is certain, that no matter which side wins, both sides stands to benefit and both likewise stands to be injured concomitantly. Airport Management and Operation Patankar and Holscher (2000) described the airport as a highly complex set of schematic organization that allows the entry a nd egress of persons. As such, both movements to and fro are to be considered as security concerns that require efficient administration. To this end, it is vital to determine the momentous changes that US airports may have undergone in hopes of revolutionizing its operation and precluding the occurrence of an attack comparable to the 9/11 terrorist activities. Prior to the 9/11, the airport situation in the United States has been a highly efficient private affair that revolves around the rendering of services related to and relevant to the air transport of individuals from a point of origin into a point of destination. Prior to the 9/11 there was a general sub-optimal level of security in airports in US airports (Seidenstat, 2004). However, after the attacks, the United States government saw the need to change the management of the airport facilities to the federal system marking the transition of the said facility from a implement of transportation into a tool that has the capacit y to paralyze the country (Seidenstat, 2004). The transition of the airport facility into the hands of the federal government was triggered by two major issues (Seidenstat, 2004). These are: (1) the laxity of the control measures implemented by the utilization of private security firms; (2) the failure of the government to

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Essay - 3

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Essay Example The company is well known for establishing product leadership in various grounds like skin care, house care etc. It employs almost 125000 employs and sells almost two hundred brands or more across the globe. Procter & Gamble has developed greater than 28 technical centers around the world (PG-Global, 2012). The company has included market research procedure for taking strategic decision while expanding its business in the market (Kotler, 2009; Silverstein, 1997). It has been successful in extending business operations extensively and achieved high revenue in this time period. The study will perform Procter & Gamble’s strategic analysis in the following manner: 1) Analyzing the business level strategy of the company. 2) Analyzing the corporate level strategy of the company. 3) Analyzing its competitive environment. 1) Analyze the business-level strategies for the corporation you chose to determine the business-level strategy you think is most important to the long-term success of the firm and whether or not you judge this to be a good choice. Justify your opinion. The SWOT analysis of Procter & Gamble will help in understanding its business level strategy (Graul, et al., 2006). It will help in realizing the alignment related to the organizational issues (Ansoff, 1965; Dickson, 2002; Valentin, 2001; Panagiotou, 2003). This will help to formulate different strategies for overcoming the threats and weaknesses (Porter, 1991). Strengths The company utilizes the economies of scale for reducing the production cost and offering competitive prices, for the products, to its customers. Procter & Gamble has high brand reputation among the customers because of the prolonged business operations in the industry. The company makes high investment in the research and development for developing quality products. Weaknesses The financial statement analysis of Procter & Gamble shows that the cash flow of the company is shrinking. Its domestic market is saturated due to the e xistence of a large number of competitors. The biggest competitor of Procter & Gamble i.e. Unilever is competing highly in the detergent segment because of which the company is being forced to maintain competitive pricing strategy. The company’s cost structure is increasing because of increasing operating structure. The company adopted retrenchment strategy in order to perform cost minimization. Opportunities There is huge scope or opportunity of the company to extend its product line by expansion of its portfolio in the beauty and health segment. The expansion of its product portfolio will help in increasing its market share as well as number of customers. Procter & Gamble has low market share in the developing countries like India, China, and Brazil etc. It has the opportunity to perform market penetration in these regions. Its domestic retail market has an increasing growth trend from past few years which provides opportunity to the company to cater the needs and demands o f the customers here. Threats In the developing market sector of the business operations of Procter & Gamble the local players are giving tough competition to the company and the developed market segment is being saturated gradually because of the existence and entry of large number of multinational companies. The cost associated with the value chain has increased gradually which has made it tough for the company to achieve economies of scale. Recommended Strategy for long term success Procter & Gamble

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication Case Study

The Major Competitors for the Digital Television Communication - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that the rapid advancement of the communication technology is bringing a number of advantages to the users of the improved technology. One of such advanced development is the digital television. While the consumers generally recognize the benefits of the advanced technology, they are also aware of the complexities and other disadvantages of the intrusion and other anti-social incidents. The major objective of technology today is to align itself with the preferences of the consumers as to the ways in which they would like to enjoy their leisure time. This is becoming increasingly important as the customers depend on the improvements in technology for their day to day needs. In this context, the Digital Television technology is offering a wide range of benefits to the consumers. At the same time, the technology is not left without competition both in terms of the hardware and also from other kinds of service providers in the visual communicat ion media. The three different digital delivery platforms - terrestrial, cable and satellite - have operated as a potential hindrance to the growth of the digital TV market in the UK. The early market entrants have created proprietary systems that have affected the growth of the digital TV. "The competition between the satellite and terrestrial platforms is such that set-top boxes are now being provided free to digital subscribers." However out of this IPTV is not likely to pose any stiff competition presently to Digital TV despite the support from the service providers. "IPTV is primarily a defensive move by the major service providers rolling out services. While they have the potential to generate additional revenues for operators, the key driver of deployment - in the short-term at least - will be improving customer loyalty and adding greater depth to the services provided to consumers over ADSL networks." (CBR) But in future, this particular segment is sure to act as a major com petitor for digital TV. Â  Personal Video Recorder (PVR): Â  Being an additional service offered by the Pay-TV operators the penetration level of PVR is not that significant in the UK context. Since PVR represents a time-shifted viewing this segment may develop into a powerful competitor in the future as in the US already 18 percent of the households were having a PVR at the end of 2006 through the development in Europe is not that significant which remained at 2 percent of the household having a PVR. High Definition TV: Even though there is no potential threat of competition from the HD TV presently due to lack of HD programming in the UK the likelihood of this segment becoming a major development in the digital technology area is imminent. The promotion of free set-top boxes from the Pay TV operators has seriously affected the integration of the digital TV market. On the service side, there are various service providers providing different forms of services to attract the consum ers. Â  'Freeview' has an important role to play in the Television market offering over 40 channels delivering digital television through a standard antenna. All entertainment avenues in the form of music, news, sport, and films are available free to the customers and Freeview is in hot demand with 'no price' as its selling point. "Sky provides a service for which people are willing to pay. Its base package alone provides a far greater choice than its free competitor, while those who wish to broaden this foundation are free to select from packages that will deliver everything from the latest blockbusters to live premiership football.

Music Styles - Comparative Essay Essay Example for Free

Music Styles Comparative Essay Essay The first artist/composer is Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang, who is better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart but around the world he just known as Mozart. Mozart is such a ‘famous’ composer as throughout the classical era (1750-1820) although he may not have been recognized at the time he was a creative and influential composer. Not many could argue that a man who composed over six hundred works was not influential. Also many of those six hundred works were acknowledged as the peak of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. You can now start to see why he was such a significant composer. The second artist/composer is Ludwig van Beethoven, otherwise referred to as simply Beethoven. Beethoven was considered a German composer and pianist. Similarly to Mozart he began his musical career in the classical era (1750-1820) but differently to Mozart he was a crucial figure within the transitional stage between the Classical and Romantic eras in western classical music.

Cultural Complexities In The Organisational Structures Commerce Essay

Cultural Complexities In The Organisational Structures Commerce Essay In traditional thinking organisational structure has been treated as the core. Organisational structure in simple terms can be defined as a framework in which organisations make decisions. Therefore, structure represents the nature of decision and procedure. This would contain three components, such as complexity, formalisation and centralisation (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Complexity- This considers the extent of differentiation within organisation. This contains the degree of specialization (division of labour), the number of levels in organisation hierarchy and the extent to which organisation units are dispersed geographically. For example in the organisation like McDonalds, specialisation would be very low and the hierarchy is not tall like in the organisations like Microsoft or Virgin (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Formalisation This is the degree to which an organisation relies on rules and procedures to direct the behaviour of employees by instructing them on what employees can do and what they cannot do. The degree of formalisation is very high in organisations like McDonalds and HSBC (Robbins Barnwell, p.7) Centralisation- This is the degree to which decision making is concerned in a single point in the organisation; usually this would be the top management. This considers where the responsibility for the decision making authority lies. If the centralisation is high in the organisation, problem flow upwards and the senior executives choose the appropriate decision and in these types of organisations power distance and formalisation would be high. 3.0. Organisational culture Organisational culture is a system of shared meaning within an organisation. In every organisation there are patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, myths and practices that have evolved over time. These, in turn, create common understandings among members as to what the organisation is and how its members should behave (Robbins Barnwell, p.377) Culture of an organisation is the values and behavioural norms of organizational members. There are two types of values such as terminal and instrumental. Terminal values refer to the desired end state or outcome that people try to attain where as Instrumental values refer to desired modes of behaviours (Robbins Barnwell, p.378) Culture exists at two levels (refer appendix diagram 1). The first is outwards manifestations of the culture, which are visible and able to make some form of interpretation. We can recognize the symbols of the organisation, the patterns of communications, the physical arrangement of work spaces and the ways in which power is expressed. We can also listen to the stories those are told and view the ceremonies those members take part in. The second level of culture is made of the deeply held values, beliefs, assumptions, attitudes and feelings those underlie behavior. Beliefs and assumptions at this stage are complex to discover, interpret and understand. Members of organisation may be incapable to recognize the values and beliefs of the organisation. It is the visible level of culture that is amenable to measurement and change, and as a result has been the central point of management activity (Robbins Barnwell, p.378). 3.1. Importance of organisational culture In general, the importance of culture in organisations has to do with the fact that values, norms and beliefs in a normative sense act as a behavioural guidance. Corporate culture can support or frustrate organisational goals thus act as the base for success or failiure of the organisations(Hoogervorst , 2004,p.293). Organisational culture is very important because it is the normative glue that structures the milieu and makes it possible for people to derive meaning from their work, to work comfortably with others, and to focus on key organizational tasks. If we do not understand the culture and the cultural processes clearly we might end up in wrong interpretations and fail in those environments in which we operate. For example, Apple Companys success can be devoted to its rule breaking innovations. This was possible because of this organisation culture which encouraged anti- establishment employees. In contrast to this IBMs success can be devoted to its white collar employees who had focus on customer services. A person who analyses the success stories of both the organisations may fail in his/her studies simply because he/she didnt focus on different corporate culture. Thus, it becomes more important to understand organisational culture (Hatch, 1997,p200) 3.2.Culture and organisational effectiveness Strong cultures in organisations are the intensely held, clearly ordered and widely shared core values. The more the members accept the core values the more they agree on their order of importance and are highly committed to them. This type of cultures can be found in religious, military organisations (Robbins Barnwell, p.382). Further result of a strong culture is it enhances behavioural consistency by conveying employees what behaviours they should engage in and guides them on the things such as the acceptability of absenteeism puctuality. Even though strong cultures improve behavioural consistency, it is only logical to conclude they can be a powerful means of implicit control and can operate as a substitute for formalization (Robbins Barnwell, p.383). In scheins definition culture plays a key role in internal integration and in the external adaptation of the organisation to its environment. The term effectiveness requires an organisations culture, strategy, environment and technology to be aligned and suitable to meet the organisations goals. Thus, the successful organisations will ensure good external fit between strategy, environment and corporate culture (Robbins Barnwell, p.382). 4.0.Has the focus moved from structure to culture in organisations? In my point of view , I think this is a grey area to answer because both the terms are important for any organisation as both these elements go in hand in hand with another. But, I feel the modern organisations in this centuary are focusing more in culture than structure as they started to realise the importance of good human relations within an organisation its direct impact on organisational performance. This could be understood more by applying the Mckinseys 7s model (refer appendix diagram 2).According to this model culture is a combination of every function within the organisation. Therefore, each activity should reflect cultural values based on operations. Thus, the culture demonstrates the shared values(common practices). The other six elements are identified as the issues associated with developing culture. According to McKinsey structure ,system and strategy were treated as hardparts of culture where as the other areas were treated as soft elements those associated with people(Kothari Handscombe, 2007,p.51) According to McKinseys 7s model we can draw a conclusion that culture is the base for every organisations performance and this culture cannot be developed if there is no proper structure. For example, if we take Google, creativity and innovation are their main theme and the management has focused to develop a culture which facilitates that. In order to achieve this organisations structure has been changed to a flat structure where by things are done so informal between the professional software engineers. In order to develop the expected culture, the environment was changed in an informal manner and employees felt they were in a relaxed place. This structure has supported the culture of Google and has helped Google to improve work place relationships and organisational performance(culture and structure as a competitive edge,1994,p.16) Finally, my argument is organisations have started to focus on culture but for that reason they did not lose the focus on structure. 5.0.Functionalist approach to culture Functionalist paradigm has been the primary paradigm in organizational studies. It assumes relationships are concrete and can be identified studied and measured via science. Thus this paradigm believes one can understand organizational behaviour through hypothesis testing. This paradigm also has been influenced by idealist and Marxist thought too. It assumes there are external rules and regulations governing the external world. (Ardalan, 2003,p.202) Functionalist paradigm views culture as top-down argues that culture can be managed and measured because in this paradigm culture is considered to be objective, measurable and able to be managed. Scheins model of culture can be used to understand culture in this paradigm (Module 5, n.d., p.2) 5.1. Scheins theory of culture Schein defines seven issues as assumptions which should be resolved by every culture. They are organisations relationships, nature of human activity, nature of reality and truth, nature of time, nature of human and homogeneity vs. diversity (refer Appendix diagram 3 4). Further he argues the core assumptions can be classified into two categories such as external adaptation tasks (mission and strategy, goals, means and control system) and internal adaptation tasks (common language, group boundary definition, rewards and punishments, status and power relations) (refer Appendix diagram 5). But Schein believes the most important influences of core assumptions from the stand point of shaping culture are norms, values and artefacts (refer appendix diagram 3) (Hatch, 1997, pg 214) Values and norms Values are the social principles, goals and standards within a particular culture. Its basically based on what the member of an organisation care about, such as freedom, democracy, tradition, wealth and loyalty. Value creates the basis for the judgment on what is right what is wrong associated with strong emotions (Hatch, 1997, pg214). Norms are closely associated with values as these are unwritten rules, which allow members of the culture to know whats expected from them. Examples of business norms are when should inform the potential problems to boss what sort of clothing can be warned (Hatch, 1997, pg214). Artefacts creations Artefacts are the visible, tangible and audible remains of behaviour, based on cultural norms, values and assumptions. Artefacts can be categorised as: (refer Appendix diagram 6) Verbal manifestations provided in written and spoken language Physical objects shaped by the members of the culture Ceremonies, rituals and other behavioural manifestations (Hatch, 1997, pg216). Artefacts can be observed by any one and it is the most accessible elements of culture. But artefacts can be misinterpreted easily as they are remote from the core (Hatch, 1997, pg217). Therefore the culture can be identified through various presentations generated by organisations in physical forms. The appearance of these physical forms in organisations products and related processes will demonstrate the culture and signal a particular idea. Example- the Carlsberg symbol would indicate entertainment, fun, integration, relationship and friendships. The above Scheins model of culture also proposes that culture can be managed and measured and is a top-down approach to culture. In other terms culture can be identified and taught to new organisational members so that they can be socialised to accept and fit in with the corporate culture. However, Schein also suggests that the cultural nature of organisations and groups is not that easy to identify because people habitually do not know why they do what they do (Module 5, n.d., p.3) 6.0. Radical humanist approach to culture (subjective-radical change) Theorists in this paradigm are primarily concerned with releasing social constraints that limit human potential. They view the current dominant ideologies as separating people from their true selves. They use this paradigm to validate desire for revolutionary change. Its basically anti-organization in scope. In this view the awareness of man is dominated by the ideological superstructures through which he interacts, and these drive a cognitive wedge stuck between himself and his true consciousness or awareness and this prevents human fulfillment or accomplishment. The radical humanists emphasize the political and repressive nature of purposive rationality, logic of science, positive functions of technology, and neutrality of language. (Ardalan, 2008, p.523) This paradigm views organisational culture as a contested relation between meanings. The distinctive understandings of a particular social group may conflict with those of other social groups. It is in a sense an anti-organisation theory-a theory which is inherently critical of dominant accounts of scientific knowledge and social arrangements. (Parker, 2003,p.77) The phrase subculture has a particular application here since it contains an important recognition that ideas within a social group are heterogonous, plural and often contested. Thus an organisations culture could be viewed as a struggle for hegemony with competing factions attempting to identify the primary purpose of the organisation in a way that meets their perceived definitions. For Martin Parker, the value of this paradigm is its twin stress on power and meaning. Certain groups have additional power to impose their understandings than others, although this does not assure the acceptance since subordinated groups also have power to resist in multiple ways. (Parker, 2003,p.78) Similar to interpretive studies, in methodological terms radical humanism is often reflected in ethnographic approaches, though with a greater focus on symbolic and material conflicts as an endemic feature of the process of organising. (Parker, 2003,81) 7.0. Functionalist approach vs. Radical humanist approach to culture By analysing both the paradigms I found following differences between functionalist radical humanist approaches to culture: Functionalist views culture can be managed and measured because this paradigm is considered to articulate from objective stand point and the sociology of regulation. In contrast to this radical humanist paradigm views organisational culture cannot be measured or managed as this paradigm is concerned to articulate, from a subjective stand point the sociology of radical change (refer appendix diagram 7). Functionalist paradigm argues culture can be learned taught to others whereas the radical humanist argues it cannot be taught to others since different social groups have different contesting values. For example, in functionalist view, an American organisation which tries to establish business operations in Japan will be able to cope up with Japanese culture by learning that culture. Radical humanist argues that American organisation cant adapt to Japanese culture by learning that culture because both the cultures will start to contest. Traditionally it was thought that culture of organisation will resemble founders thoughts, beliefs values. In contradiction to this, modern theories argue corporate culture will resemble a set of values, thoughts beliefs which are similar to the bottom level people. Thus, Functionalist paradigm (traditional thoughts) views culture forms from top to down where as radical humanist(modern thoughts) believes culture forms from bottom to up since there are sub cultures which decide the formation of corporate culture. 8.0. Conclusion In the modern business environment it is quite obvious that organisations have started to focus more on their corporate culture. However, I think that does not mean organisations have lost focus on structure because as I have addressed in this paper before structure is also very important to develop a good corporate culture. In order to make my argument strong I have used Mc Kinseys 7s framework. Functionalist paradigm uses the traditional theories to study the organisations. Further this paradigm believes one can understand organizational behaviour through hypothesis testing. Thus, this paradigm argues organisational culture also can be studied and can be taught to others. Additionally, functionalist paradigm views culture forms from top to down and argues that culture can be managed and measured. Scheins model of culture has been used to understand functionalists approach to culture. In contradiction to the Functionalist paradigm radical humanist paradigm questions the current accepted views of organisations and their impact on society. This paradigm views organisational culture as a contested relation between meanings because it believes different social groups will have different contested values between them. Thus, according to this paradigm organisation cannot simply teach their corporate culture to people there is always a contradiction between people due to their individual cultures. At last, to conclude my report, I would say organisations have started to focus on culture. However, they did not lose the focus on structure. Also there are many differences between functionalist radical humanist paradigms in managing cultures.

Life: The Personal Experience :: essays research papers

Life: The Personal Experience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who would have thought that a night out with a church group could turn into a deadly accident? En route to a spring break camp, one of our van was hit by a 18 wheelers' truck; creating a night we wouldn't forget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story began with a trip to summer retreat. It was ticket to bring me back to reality, and also tickets for some people to heaven. We loaded our luggage into the back of the vans, and we headed off toward our destination. It is about one or one and half hour later, one of our van stop at the stop sign, when the driver of that van saw no car was coming, (some blind spot cover the area that the driver can't see) he step the paddles and drive off, but a on coming truck was driving too fast and didn't saw one of our van, it crushes the van into three different pieces, everyone in our van saw it happened and everyone is shocked of that terrible scene. Few minutes later, the cops and the ambulances quickly arrived. We heard the loud noise come from the police and ask us to help them, we quickly got off the van and helping the fire fighters and the cops to pull people out of that vans, I saw lot of our church friend got burned to death and some other just crushed by Small pieces. Everyone is in tears including the police and fire fighters. After the rescue, we find out most of people in that van died, but some in serious condition. After that accident, I learned that life is meaningless, and learned that we should help others while we can. My goal was to let God into my life. It was one of the most relaxing and peaceful things I have ever done. Because we all inspired by God, he helps us when we really needed him. He brings us out of the nightmare that no one will ever forget. We gather all our church friend in a small meeting every Friday, every time we meet, we would have small group meetings and share anything that came to mind. We prayed for people to find God in their life, and for everything that needed assistance. We also planned the prayer service, meal plans, and chores for the next day. We saw God comes in our life and helps us while we have trouble of doing some stuff that we just cannot understand. He gives us power to think and solve the problem successively.

Clinical Applications Of Exercise Health And Social Care Essay

Documents look intoing the benefits of exercising plans for PAD, constituents of PAD exercising plans and patient conformity to exert plans were sourced for this essay. The undermentioned databases were reviewed, AMED, Medline ( PubMed ) , Medline ( ESCO ) , CINAHL, Sports Discus, Cocharane, Google, Google bookman, ( form origin to show ) . Using a combination of the undermentioned key words, Peripheral arterial disease, Peripheral vascular disease, exercising, benefits, conformity, attachment, effectual, constituents, guidelines, and exercising rehabilitation. Merely English linguistic communication publications were considered. A sum of 253 relevant surveies were retrieved between Feb 24th and March 10th ( non including Google which retrieved a consequence of 51,000 of which merely 10 were relevant following reading the full rubric ) . Consequences from the hunts were viewed and 1s of the most relevancy were chosen restricting it to 24 articles. Mentions from these articles were so searched utilizing the databases together with an extended manus hunt.Benefits of exercising programme.In patients with ( PAD ) intermittent lameness ( IC ) is the chief clinical symptom experienced. Patients can see musculus cramp/aching during walking secondary to muscle ischaemia in the calf, thigh or natess ( Willigendael et al 2005 ) . These symptoms may restrict public presentation in day-to-day activates and possible impair personal, societal and occupational functional capacity ( Regensteiner et al 1996 ) . An intercession like exercising preparation improves lameness symptoms, additions pain free walking distance and enhances quality of life. There are a figure of possible mechanisms for this betterment such as, alterations in musculus metamorphosis, versions of blood flow in the fringe, addition in hurting threshold and alteration in pace ( Regensteiner et al 1997 ) . For over 50 old ages simple walking exercising has been the primary recommended intervention of Peripheral Arterial Disease. In fact the original recommendation for an exercising plan as a method for handling patients enduring from intermittent lameness came from ( Erb in 1898 ) .In 1966 Larsen and Lassen conducted the really first randomized controlled trail look intoing the consequence of exercising on a population with PAD. Fourteen patients were indiscriminately allocated to either a Pedometer monitored exercising group verses a tablet placebo group. The consequences showed that after six months of the walk-to exercising plan unpainful walking had increased by a distance of 106 % and the mean maximal walk-to clip had improve by 183 % compared to the control, ( Larsen et al 1966 ) . Since so there has been a big figure of non-randomized and randomized controlled surveies look intoing the consequence of exercising on patients with PAD. In the most recent Cochrane reappraisal in 2008 look intoing â€Å" Exercise for Intermittent Claudication † ( Watson et al 2008 ) , the chief purpose was to find the efficaciousness of an exercising plan in patients with IC relief symptoms and bettering walking distances and times. Twenty-two randomized controlled tests met the inclusion standards affecting a sum of 1200 topics. Fourteen of these surveies compared exercising with usual attention or a placebo and the others compared Exercise with other intercessions i.e. surgery. The signifiers of exercising in this meta-analysis varied from walking to strength preparation to upper or lower limb exercisings to punt striding. Sessions were either supervised or un-supervised. The Sessionss by and large took topographic point twice a hebdomad. Outcomes were measured at times runing from 14 yearss to two old ages. The consequences showed that in comparing to usual attention exercising improved maximum walking clip on a treadmill b y an norm of five proceedingss in a sum of 255 participants. Pain-free walking distance was increased by norm of 82.2 metres and the mean maximal walking distance was increased to 113.2 metres in six tests. From the meta-analysis it is clear that the mean betterments in walking distance and clip were clinically and statistically important, some topics responded better than others which may signal changing conformity issues with different exercising programmes. Clearly we can see being able to keep walking for a longer period of clip with less lameness hurting is improved with exercising governments which will hold a clinically important impact on the functional capacity of the PAD patient. This meta-analysis of randomised surveies nowadayss good confirmation of the benefits of exercising as a intervention and these consequences are supported by grounds from a old meta-analysis carried out by Gardner and Poehlman in 1995. This meta-analysis of 21 randomised and non-randomized tests o f exercising preparation showed an mean maximum walking clip addition of 120 % and unpainful walking clip addition of 180 % on norm. ( Gardener et al 1995 ) . These findings suggest that exercising plans have a clinically of import function to play in the intervention of PAD. One of the most recent surveies by ( McDermott et al 2009 ) supports this construct. The aim was to find whether supervised treadmill exercising or lower appendage opposition preparation better functional public presentation of patients with PAD with or without lameness. It was a randomized controlled test performed in a clinical scene over a period of four old ages affecting 156 patients with PAD. Subjects were indiscriminately assigned to a, supervised treadmill exercising, lower appendage opposition preparation, or a control group. The treadmill exercising group had a average addition of 35.9 metres for their 6-minute walk trial in comparing to the control group, whereas the opposition preparation group had an addition of 12.4 metres in comparing to the control group. For brachial arteria flow-mediated dilation, those in the treadmill group had a average betterment of 1.53 % compared with the control group. The treadmill group had greater additions in maximum treadmill walking clip 3.44 proceedingss than the control group. The opposition preparation group had greater additions in maximum treadmill walking clip 1.90 and step mounting 10.4meters than the control group ( McDermott et al 2009 ) . From this we can clearly see the benefit exercising programmes have in relation to PAD.ComponentsThere is really strong grounds of the important clinical application of exercising as a intervention of PAD. We know the benefits of an exercising plan for PAD but what are the constituents of most effectual exercising intercession. Harmonizing to the meta-analysis by ( Gardner et al 1995 ) the greatest additions in walking ability were noted when certain constituents were implemented into a plan. The primary constituent of an exercising plan for bring forthing betterments was walking to near maximum hurting. â€Å" Exercise plans that had patients walk to approach maximum lameness hurting ( high hurting terminal point ) demonstrated greater betterments in lameness symptoms than plans that had patients halt walking at the oncoming of lameness hurting † ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . Harmonizing to the meta-analysis the 2nd most important constituent was the length of the exercising programme implemented. There was a reported â€Å" 22 % and 28 % in the addition in the distances to onset and to maximal lameness hurting during treadmill proving, severally in Programs enduring 6 months or more. â€Å" ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . Third the type of exercising was the following effectual constituent for the betterment. †Programs that had patients exert entirely with walking produced greater additions in lameness hurting distances than plans that included a assortment of physical activities † ( Gardner et al 1995 ) . A factor of less significance was the continuance of exercising preparation of at least 30 proceedingss was advised as it had a greater result. These consequences have really strong deductions for planing a specific exercising plan. The current American College of Cardiology ( ACC ) and American Heart association ( AHA ) Guidelines for the Management of Patients with PAD are based on a reappraisal of †Exercise and lameness † by ( Stewart et al 2002 ) . They comprise of the undermentioned recommendations. Treadmill walking/track walking are regarded as the most good exercising for lameness. The method of exercising should set up an strength that produces the lameness symptoms within three to five proceedingss depending on the topic. Once these symptoms of moderate badness are reached the topic should rest either in sitting or standing until the symptoms are resolved. Once the topic no longer feels any uncomfortableness exercisin g sketchs at the same strength once more for three to five proceedingss until moderate strength hurting is reached one time more. This rhythm of exercising remainder continues until a sum of 30 five proceedingss of treadmill walking is completed. ( Stewart et al 2002 ) recommends integrating an excess five proceedingss each session until a entire clip of 50 proceedingss of treadmill walking is achieved. As the topic progressed in the plan their walking and therefore clip to chair strength hurting lameness will be prolonged. Their work burden should therefore be adapted. This is done by custom-making the grade/speed of the walking to guarantee advancement is maintained. Harmonizing to the TASC I guidelines ( The Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of PAD 2000 ) †either the velocity or class can be increased but an increased class is recommended if the patient can already walk 2mph. Besides an extra end of the plan is to increase patient walking speed up to 3mph from the mean walking velocity of 1.3-2.mph. † An facet that must be kept in consideration is that many of the surveies in the reappraisal by ( Stewart et al 2002 ) and significantly the Meta analyses by ( Watson et al 2008 ) and ( Gardner et al 1995 ) on which the current ACC/AHA guidelines are based, is that there are many unidentified factors taking to possible differences in the lameness distance. In many surveies factors such as average age which harmonizing to ( Gardner et al 1995 ) did hold a relation to additions in lameness distances following preparation, and other factors such as hapless peripheral hemodynamic profiles, disparity in badness of PAD, different capable weights, tobacco users and non tobacco users and patients with diabetes, were non taken into consideration in the reappraisals. While there is some possibilities for prejudice the chief findings and the deductions of these are incontrovertible.Conformity issues associating to EmbroiderA reappraisal on patients attachment to exert and advice ( Middleton 2004 ) postulated that there are legion direct and indirect factors that have an consequence on patients attachment in relation to exert. These included, the topics ain beliefs and attitudes, patients anterior exercising history, Age, Self-efficacy, grade of sensed hurting, venue of control and psychosocial factors. In a reappraisal survey by ( Slulijs et al 1993 ) three chief lending factors of patient non-compliance came to the bow. Firstly †Barriers patients perceive † ( Sluijs et al 1993 ) . Barriers such as non happening the clip or non being able to suit the exercising into their day-to-day modus operandi. Besides mentioned were Motivation to exert and trouble. These all tended to be factors that had the most consequence on attachment. Secondly deficiency of encouragement and feedback lowered attachment. It was noted that the more supervising, positive feedback and encouragement the patient received the better the conformity. †Feedback influences conformity rates † ( Sluijs et al 1993 ) . The 3rd primary factor act uponing attachment was the patients ‘ grade of weakness. Patients with more disablement caused by unwellness adhered better in comparing to those who were less handicapped. ( Pollock 1988 ) in a reappraisal of factors impacting exercising conformity besides concluded that exercising prescriptions of †of moderate strength were associated with greater attachment than prescriptions for vigorous activities † ( Pollock 1988 ) . The above are adherence issues with exercising intervention in general and although they are non specific to PAD, many of the concerns and issues will be the same for PAD. A reappraisal ( Armen et al 2003 ) that is more specific to this clinical status studied the conformity issues and behavioural schemes in patients with PAD, CAD and DM. It was found that a big bulk of patients discontinued the exercising plan within the first twelvemonth. Frequent direct and indirect barriers that the patients encountered were locations of the service, as mentioned antecedently reduced encouragement and hapless supervising by the clinician besides reduced attachment. Un-realistic ends and outlooks set by patients was besides a factor. Boredom and motive once more affected conformity. Both the particular and non specific factors associating to exert attachment must be taken into consideration.DecisionFrom this essay we can see how the grounds shows how effectual and good an exercising programme can be for patients with PAD. We know the constituents that make up the most effectual exercising programme and we besides know in item many of the conformity issues that are related to patients with this status.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 18. There Are No Words For This.

18. There Are No Words For This. Bella's body, streaming with red, started to twitch, jerking around in Rosalie's arms like she was being electrocuted. All the while, her face was blank – unconscious. It was the wild thrashing from inside the center of her body that moved her. As she convulsed, sharp snaps and cracks kept time with the spasms. Rosalie and Edward were frozen for the shortest half second, and then they broke. Rosalie whipped Bella's body into her arms, and, shouting so fast it was hard to separate the individual words, she and Edward shot up the staircase to the second floor. I sprinted after them. â€Å"Morphine!† Edward yelled at Rosalie. â€Å"Alice – get Carlisle on the phone!† Rosalie screeched. The room I followed them to looked like an emergency ward set up in the middle of a library. The lights were brilliant and white. Bella was on a table under the glare, skin ghostly in the spotlight. Her body flopped, a fish on the sand. Rosalie pinned Bella down, yanking and ripping her clothes out of the way, while Edward stabbed a syringe into her arm. How many times had I imagined her naked? Now I couldn't look. I was afraid to have these memories in my head. â€Å"What's happening, Edward?† â€Å"He's suffocating!† â€Å"The placenta must have detached!† Somewhere in this, Bella came around. She responded to their words with a shriek that clawed at my eardrums. â€Å"Get him OUT!† she screamed. â€Å"He can't BREATHE! Do it NOW!† I saw the red spots pop out when her scream broke the blood vessels in her eyes. ‘The morphine – ,† Edward growled. â€Å"NO! NOW – !† Another gush of blood choked off what she was shrieking. He held her head up, desperately trying to clear her mouth so that she could breathe again. Alice darted into the room and clipped a little blue earpiece under Rosalie's hair. Then Alice backed away, her gold eyes wide and burning, while Rosalie hissed frantically into the phone. In the bright light, Bella's skin seemed more purple and black than it was white. Deep red was seeping beneath the skin over the huge, shuddering bulge of her stomach. Rosalie's hand came up with a scalpel. â€Å"Let the morphine spread!† Edward shouted at her. â€Å"There's no time,† Rosalie hissed. â€Å"He's dying!† Her hand came down on Bella's stomach, and vivid red spouted out from where she pierced the skin. It was like a bucket being turned over, a faucet twisted to full. Bella jerked, but didn't scream. She was still choking. And then Rosalie lost her focus. I saw the expression on her face shift, saw her lips pull back from her teeth and her black eyes glint with thirst. â€Å"No, Rose!† Edward roared, but his hands were trapped, trying to prop Bella upright so she could breathe. I launched myself at Rosalie, jumping across the table without bothering to phase. As I hit her stone body, knocking her toward the door, I felt the scalpel in her hand stab deep into my left arm. My right palm smashed against her face, locking her jaw and blocking her airways. I used my grip on Rosalie's face to swing her body out so that I could land a solid kick in her gut; it was like kicking concrete. She flew into the door frame, buckling one side of it. The little speaker in her ear crackled into pieces. Then Alice was there, yanking her by the throat to get her into the hall. And I had to give it to Blondie – she didn't put up an ounce of fight. She wanted us to win. She let me trash her like that, to save Bella. Well, to save the thing. I ripped the blade out of my arm. ‘Alice, get her out of here!† Edward shouted. â€Å"Take her to Jasper and keep her there! Jacob, I need you!† I didn't watch Alice finish the job. I wheeled back to the operating table, where Bella was turning blue, her eyes wide and staring. â€Å"CPR?† Edward growled at me, fast and demanding. â€Å"Yes!† I judged his face swiftly, looking for any sign that he was going to react like Rosalie. There was nothing but single-minded ferocity. â€Å"Get her breathing! I've got to get him out before – â€Å" Another shattering crack inside her body, the loudest yet, so loud that we both froze in shock waiting for her answering shriek. Nothing. Her legs, which had been curled up in agony, now went limp, sprawling out in an unnatural way. â€Å"Her spine,† he choked in horror. â€Å"Get it out of her!† I snarled, flinging the scalpel at him. â€Å"She won't feel anything now!† And then I bent over her head. Her mouth looked clear, so I pressed mine to hers and blew a lungful of air into it. I felt her twitching body expand, so there was nothing blocking her throat. Her lips tasted like blood. I could hear her heart, thumping unevenly. Keep it going, I thought fiercely at her, blowing another gust of air into her body. You promised. Keep your heart beating. I heard the soft, wet sound of the scalpel across her stomach. More blood dripping to the floor. The next sound jolted through me, unexpected, terrifying. Like metal being shredded apart. The sound brought back the fight in the clearing so many months ago, the tearing sound of the newborns being ripped apart. I glanced over to see Edward's face pressed against the bulge. Vampire teeth – a surefire way to cut through vampire skin. I shuddered as I blew more air into Bella. She coughed back at me, her eyes blinking, rolling blindly. â€Å"You stay with me now, Bella!† I yelled at her. â€Å"Do you hear me? Stay! You're not leaving me. Keep your heart beating!† Her eyes wheeled, looking for me, or him, but seeing nothing. I stared into them anyway, keeping my gaze locked there. And then her body was suddenly still under my hands, though her breathing picked up roughly and her heart continued to thud. I realized the stillness meant that it was over. The internal beating was over. It must be out of her. It was. Edward whispered, â€Å"Renesmee.† So Bella'd been wrong. It wasn't the boy she'd imagined. No big surprise there. What hadn't she been wrong about? I didn't look away from her red-spotted eyes, but I felt her hands lift weakly. â€Å"Let me†¦,† she croaked in a broken whisper. â€Å"Give her to me.† I guess I should have known that he would always give her what she wanted, no matter how stupid her request might be. But I didn't dream he would listen to her now. So I didn't think to stop him. Something warm touched my arm. That right there should have caught my attention. Nothing felt warm to me. But I couldn't look away from Bella's face. She blinked and then stared, finally seeing something. She moaned out a strange, weak croon. â€Å"Renes†¦ mee. So†¦ beautiful.† And then she gasped – gasped in pain. By the time I looked, it was too late. Edward had snatched the warm, bloody thing out of her limp arms. My eyes flickered across her skin. It was red with blood – the blood that had flowed from her mouth, the blood smeared all over the creature, and fresh blood welling out of a tiny double-crescent bite mark just over her left breast. â€Å"No, Renesmee,† Edward murmured, like he was teaching the monster manners. I didn't look at him or it. I watched only Bella as her eyes rolled back into her head. With a last dull ga-lump, her heart faltered and went silent. She missed maybe half of one beat, and then my hands were on her chest, doing compressions, i counted in my head, trying to keep the rhythm steady. One. Two. Three. Four. Breaking away for a second, I blew another lungful of air into her. I couldn't see anymore. My eyes were wet and blurry. But I was hyperaware of the sounds in the room. Theunwillingglug-glug of her heart under my demanding hands, the pounding of my own heart, and another – a fluttering beat that was too fast, too light. I couldn't place it. I forced more air down Bella's throat. â€Å"What are you waiting for?† I choked out breathlessly, pumping her heart again. One. Two. Three. Four. â€Å"Take the baby,† Edward said urgently. ‘Throw it out the window.† One. Two. Three. Four. â€Å"Give her to me,† a low voice chimed from the doorway. Edward and I snarled at the same time. One. Two. Three. Four. â€Å"I've got it under control,† Rosalie promised. â€Å"Give me the baby, Edward. Til take care of her until Bella †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I breathed for Bella again while the exchange took place. The fluttering thumpa-thumpa-thumpa faded away with distance. â€Å"Move your hands, Jacob.† I looked up from Bella's white eyes, still pumping her heart for her. Edward had a syringe in his hand – all silver, like it was made from steel. â€Å"What's that?† His stone hand knocked mine out of the way. There was a tiny crunch as his blow broke my little finger. In the same second, he shoved the needle straight into her heart. â€Å"My venom,† he answered as he pushed the plunger down. I heard the jolt in her heart, like he'd shocked her with paddles. â€Å"Keep it moving,† he ordered. His voice was ice, was dead. Fierce and unthinking. Like he was a machine. I ignored the healing ache in my finger and started pumping her heart again. It was harder, as if her blood was congealing there – thicker and slower. While I pushed the now-viscous blood through her arteries, I watched what he was doing. It was like he was kissing her, brushing his lips at her throat, at her wrists, into the crease at the inside of her arm. But I could hear the lush tearing of her skin as his teeth bit through, again and again, forcing venom into her system at as many points as possible. I saw his pale tongue sweep along the bleeding gashes, but before this could make me either sick or angry, I realized what he was doing. Where his tongue washed the venom over her skin, it sealed shut. Holding the poison and the blood inside her body. I blew more air into her mouth, but there was nothing there. Just the lifeless rise of her chest in response. I kept pumping her heart, counting, while he worked manically over her, trying to put her back together. All the king's horses and all the king's men†¦ But there was nothing there, just me, just him. Working over a corpse. Because that's all that was left of the girl we both loved. This broken, bled-out, mangled corpse. We couldn't put Bella together again. I knew it was too late. I knew she was dead. I knew it for sure because the pull was gone. I didn't feel any reason to be here beside her. She wasn't here anymore. So this body had no more draw for me. The senseless need to be near her had vanished. Or maybe moved was the better word. It seemed like I felt the pull from the opposite direction now. From down the stairs, out the door. The longing to get away from here and never, ever come back. â€Å"Go, then,† he snapped, and he hit my hands out of the way again, taking my place this time. Three fingers broken, it felt like. I straightened them numbly, not minding the throb of pain. He pushed her dead heart faster than I had. â€Å"She's not dead,† he growled. â€Å"She's going to be fine.† I wasn't sure he was talking to me anymore. Turning away, leaving him with his dead, I walked slowly to the door. So slowly. I couldn't make my feet move faster. This was it, then. The ocean of pain. The other shore so far away across the boiling water that I couldn't imagine it, much less see it. I felt empty again, now that I'd lost my purpose. Saving Bella had been my fight for so long now. And she wouldn't be saved. She'd willingly sacrificed herself to be torn apart by that monster's young, and so the fight was lost. It was all over. I shuddered at the sound coming from behind me as I plodded down the stairs – the sound of a dead heart being forced to thud. I wanted to somehow pour bleach inside my head and let it fry my brain. To burn away the images left from Bella's final minutes. I'd take the brain damage if I could get rid of that – the screaming, the bleeding, the unbearable crunching and snapping as the newborn monster tore through her from the inside out___ I wanted to sprint away, to take the stairs ten at a time and race out the door, but my feet were heavy as iron and my body was more tired than it had ever been before. I shuffled down the stairs like a crippled old man. I rested at the bottom step, gathering my strength to get out the door. Rosalie was on the clean end of the white sofa, her back to me, cooing and murmuring to the blanket-wrapped thing in her arms. She must have heard me pause, but she ignored me, caught up in her moment of stolen Rjesavate i>itanje brqj 10 odiikiiiio 11 Koje od dole navednih tvrdnji su tacne. 1. Neke od Windows XP aplikacija koriste samo jedan jedini proces u toku svog izvrsavanja 2. Neke od Windows XP aplikacija koriste vise procesa u toku svog izvrsavanja 3. Za svaki proces Windows Task Manager nudi sljedece opcije: Mem Usage, CPU, Image Name, User Name, Password 4. Sve od gore navedenih su tacne 5. Niti jedna od gore navedenih je tacna 6. Ma ovo ni Bill Gates nezna! Ponisti odgovor Idi na pitanje broj: 10 |_^J motherhood. Maybe she would be happy now. Rosalie had what she wanted, and Bella would never come to take the creature from her. I wondered if that's what the poisonous blonde had been hoping for all along. She held something dark in her hands, and there was a greedy sucking sound coming from the tiny murderer she held. The scent of blood in the air. Human blood. Rosalie was feeding it. Of course it would want blood. What else would you feed the kind of monster that would brutally mutilate its own mother? It might as well have been drinking Bella's blood. Maybe it was. My strength came back to me as I listened to the sound of the little executioner feeding. Strength and hate and heat – red heat washing through my head, burning but erasing nothing. The images in my head were fuel, building up the inferno but refusing to be consumed. I felt the tremors rock me from head to toe, and I did not try to stop them. Rosalie was totally absorbed in the creature, paying no attention to me at all. She wouldn't be quick enough to stop me, distracted as she was. Sam had been right. The thing was an aberration – its existence went against nature. A black, soulless demon. Something that had no right to be. Something that had to be destroyed. It seemed like the pull had not been leading to the door after all. I could feel it now, encouraging me, tugging me forward. Pushing me to finish this, to cleanse the world of this abomination. Rosalie would try to kill me when the creature was dead, and I would fight back. I wasn't sure if I would have time to finish her before the others came to help. Maybe, maybe not. I didn't much care either way. I didn't care if the wolves, either set, avenged me or called the Cullens' justice fair. None of that mattered. All I cared about was my own justice. My revenge. The thing that had killed Bella would not live another minute longer. If Bella'd survived, she would have hated me for this. She would have wanted to kill me personally. But I didn't care. She didn't care what she had done to me – letting herself be slaughtered like an animal. Why should I take her feelings into account? And then there was Edward. He must be too busy now – too far gone in his insane denial, trying to reanimate a corpse – to listen to my plans. So I wouldn't get the chance to keep my promise to him, unless – and it was not a wager I'd put money on – I managed to win the fight against Rosalie, Jasper, and Alice, three on one. But even if I did win, I didn't think I had it in me to kill Edward. Because I didn't have enough compassion for that. Why should I let him get away from what he'd done? Wouldn't it be more fair – more satisfying – to let him live with nothing, nothing at all? It made me almost smile, as filled with hate as I was, to imagine it. No Bella. No killer spawn. And also missing as many members of his family as I was able to take down. Of course, he could probably put those back together, since i wouldn't be around to burn them. Unlike Bella, who would never be whole again. I wondered if the creature could be put back together. I doubted it. It was part Bella, too – so it must have inherited some of her vulnerability. I could hear that in the tiny, thrumming beat of its heart. Its heart was beating. Hers wasn't. Only a second had passed as I made these easy decisions. The trembling was getting tighter and faster. I coiled myself, preparing to spring at the blond vampire and rip the murderous thing from her arms with my teeth. Rosalie cooed at the creature again, setting the empty metal bottle-thing aside and lifting the creature into the air to nuzzle her face against its cheek. Perfect. The new position was perfect for my strike. I leaned forward and felt the heat begin to change me while the pull toward the killer grew – it was stronger than I'd ever felt it before, so strong it reminded me of an Alpha's command, like it would crush me if I didn't obey. This time I wanted to obey. The murderer stared past Rosalie's shoulder at me, its gaze more focused than any newborn creature's gaze should be. Warm brown eyes, the color of milk chocolate – the exact same color that Bella's had been. My shaking jerked to a stop; heat flooded through me, stronger than before, but it was a new kind of heat – not a burning. It was a glowing. Everything inside me came undone as I stared at the tiny porcelain face of the half-vampire, half-human baby. All the lines that held me to my life were sliced apart in swift cuts, like clipping the strings to a bunch of balloons. Everything that made me who I was – my love for the dead girl upstairs, my love for my father, my loyalty to my new pack, the love for my other brothers, my hatred for my enemies, my home, my name, my se/f – disconnected from me in that second – snip, snip, snip – and floated up into space. I was not left drifting. A new string held me where I was. Not one string, but a million. Not strings, but steel cables. A million steel cables all tying me to one thing – to the very center of the universe. I could see that now – how the universe swirled around this one point. I'd never seen the symmetry of the universe before, but now it was plain. The gravity of the earth no longer tied me to the place where I stood. It was the baby girl in the blond vampire's arms that held me here now. Renesmee. From upstairs, there was a new sound. The only sound that could touch me in this endless instant. A frantic pounding, a racing beat†¦ A changing heart.