Philosophy of motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Philosophy of motion - Essay Example As the discussion declares philosophÐ µrs hÐ °vÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn concÐ µrnÐ µd Ð °nd oftÐ µn worriÐ µd Ð °bout thÐ µ nÐ °turÐ µ of Ð µmotion sincÐ µ SocrÐ °tÐ µs Ð °nd thÐ µ "prÐ µSocrÐ °tics" who prÐ µcÐ µdÐ µd him, Ð °nd Ð °lthough thÐ µ disciplinÐ µ hÐ °s grown up Ð °s thÐ µ pursuit of rÐ µÃ °son, thÐ µ Ð µmotions hÐ °vÐ µ Ð °lwÐ °ys lurkÐ µd in thÐ µ bÐ °ckground, Ð °s Ð ° thrÐ µÃ °t to rÐ µÃ °son, Ð °s Ð ° dÐ °ngÐ µr to philosophy Ð °nd philosophÐ µrs, Ð °s just plÐ °in unrÐ µÃ °sonÐ °blÐ µ. PÐ µrhÐ °ps thÐ °t is why onÐ µ of thÐ µ most Ð µnduring mÐ µtÐ °phors of rÐ µÃ °son Ð °nd Ð µmotion hÐ °s bÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ mÐ µtÐ °phor of mÐ °stÐ µr Ð °nd slÐ °vÐ µ, with thÐ µ wisdom of rÐ µÃ °son firmly in control Ð °nd thÐ µ dÐ °ngÐ µrous impulsÐ µs of Ð µmotion sÐ °fÐ µly supprÐ µssÐ µd, chÐ °nnÐ µllÐ µd or, idÐ µÃ °lly, in hÐ °rmony with rÐ µÃ °son. But nowhÐ µrÐ µ hÐ °vÐ µ thÐ µ unr uly Ð °nd thrÐ µÃ °tÐ µning powÐ µr of thÐ µ Ð µmotions bÐ µÃ µn morÐ µ Ð °t odds with whÐ °t hÐ °s oftÐ µn bÐ µÃ µn cÐ °llÐ µd "rÐ µÃ °son" thÐ °n in thÐ µ rÐ µÃ °lm of justicÐ µ, whÐ µrÐ µ both compÐ °ssion Ð °nd its vicious "nÐ µgÐ °tivÐ µ" countÐ µrpÐ °rt, vÐ µngÐ µfulnÐ µss, hÐ °vÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn condÐ µmnÐ µd Ð °s disruptivÐ µ, irrÐ µlÐ µvÐ °nt Ð °nd, Ð °t worst, downright dÐ °ngÐ µrous. According to the report findings thÐ µ Ð °rgumÐ µnts tÐ µnd to focus on thÐ µ Ð °llÐ µgÐ µd "cÐ °priciousnÐ µss" Ð °nd "prÐ µjudicÐ µ" of Ð µmotions, Ð °lthough, Ð °ltÐ µrnÐ °tivÐ µly, thÐ µy Ð °rÐ µ Ð °ttÐ °ckÐ µd for thÐ µir "intrÐ °ctibility" Ð °nd thÐ µir stupidity. ConsÐ µrvÐ °tivÐ µs lovÐ µ nothing morÐ µ thÐ °n to lÐ °mbÐ °st thÐ µ "do-goodÐ µrs" Ð °nd "blÐ µÃ µding hÐ µÃ °rts," nÐ °mÐ µly thosÐ µ who Ð µxprÐ µss thÐ µir fÐ µÃ µlings rÐ °thÐ µr thÐ °n stick by somÐ µ Ð °bstrÐ °ct Ð °nd oftÐ µn ruthlÐ µss, but in Ð °ny cÐ °sÐ µ "hÐ °rd-hÐ µÃ °dÐ µd" thÐ µory. ThÐ µrÐ µ is thÐ µ Ð °gÐ µ-old insistÐ µncÐ µ on "thÐ µ rulÐ µ of lÐ °w," shÐ °rÐ µd by both libÐ µrÐ °ls Ð °nd consÐ µrvÐ °tivÐ µs, which insists on "not rÐ µturning Ð µvil for Ð µvil," Ð °nd, Ð °ccordingly, thÐ µ forÐ µswÐ µÃ °ring Ð °nd condÐ µmnÐ °tion of rÐ µvÐ µngÐ µ.

R.W. Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Example for Free

R.W. Emerson and Transcendentalism Essay Saying Ralph Waldo Emerson is the same as saying Transcendentalism. A word not many understand, a concept seen in his convictions; not only a literary movement but a lifestyle movement and the beginning of a long term change in society. † What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us, is Idealism;† (Emerson, The Trancendeltalist, from Lectures, 1842)this movement allowed intellectual support and leadership to a number of social reforms that would not have been able to occur without the ideals of Emerson. Looking at Emerson’s’ Nature, Self-Reliance, and other works along with his most recognized follower Henry David Thoreau’s Walden; there are many similarities in their context that apply to life today. One of the main ideals in the literary contributions of the Transcendentalist authors of the 1830-1880’s was the idea that man is not governed by the predisposition of the Calvinist movement during that time but rather a vessel himself to be closer to god and the divine. Gone were the text like writings of the earlier American authors and a new more feeling and personal literature emerged. Emerson believed that each person held a â€Å"spark of divinity† he advocated for nature and the lessons learned from it. Both Emerson and Thoreau were influenced by nature and both opposed to the political issues of their day; Thoreau being the more vocal in regards to the political issues as read in Civil Disobedience (MCMichael, 2007). But both avid supporters in social reform in America during the 1800’s in such areas as religion, education reform, and civil rights. The Transcendental movement started by Emerson also consisted of authors such as Louisa May Alcott, Frederick Douglass, Margret Fuller, Emily Dickinson and many others that have greatly influenced not only America’s literary movement, but major changes in political and social injustices that have plagued our nation since conception. Although both authors reflect on the elements, both Nature and Walden also address the underlying ideals of spirituality, simplicity and the value of self and the soul. Thoreau’s Walden is an actual attempt to live Emerson’s ideas wrote in Nature. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan- like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. † (Thoreau) This personal statement reflective of transcendentalism, is directly influenced by the works of Emerson writes â€Å"The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face; we, through their eyes. † Thoreau in living on Walden Woods, recounts a little over two years of living off the land; growing his own food, building his own shelter, and reflecting in nature. Thoreau has walked back to the â€Å"foregoing generations† and attempted to reconnect with nature around him thus living out the ideas expressed in his mentors, Nature. Thoreau, in doing so realized the affects of simplicity in expanding our minds and understanding of self by observing the ever-changing nature around us, how it coexists and how we can reach enlightenment. The statement â€Å"A lake is the landscape’s most beautiful and expressive feature. It is Earth’s eye; looking into which the beholder measures the depth of his own nature. † (Thoreau) Is an insight into the motivation of the experiment Walden. It is also reflective of Emerson â€Å"In the woods we return to reason and faith. There I feel that nothing can befall me in life,-no disgrace, no calamity,(leaving me my eyes,)which nature cannot repair. Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all;† (Emerson) Wherein Emerson is stating that in nature he is able to let go of the realities of the industrial world and really see into one’s self and better understand our society and culture as a whole. Emerson attempted to change the view of people to a broader more objective and simple way of looking at life. By seeing the balance and simplicity of nature; really seeing, one can see into their own soul and better live life as it should be lived. â€Å"Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. † (Emerson) Not only did both Emerson and Thoreau believe in the simplicity of life in an effort to keep clarity of sight and mind, but they both believed in the importance of caring for and excepting self in the individual soul. Thoreau wants to get in touch with his soul and Emerson points out the vastness of the soul and the lack of complete usage of most. Emerson also says, â€Å"The soul circumscribes all things. As I have said it contradicts all experience. † (Emerson, The Over-Soul, Essays the first series, 1841) Emerson was a philosopher and teacher in the sense that he used his education and religious beliefs in creation of an alternate way of seeing things. America has been directly changed and in my opinion for the better by the ideal of Emerson. Many past, present and future leader in the areas of education and sociological reform were inspired by the words of Emerson and Thoreau . There are no days in life so memorable as those which vibrated to some stroke of imagination (Emerson) The wider impact that the ideas of Transcendentalism had on the development of America have changed and shaped our country as no other movement could. The views behind Transcendentalism include personal freedom, simplicity, dignity and value of every human life. The concept of God is not un-presented, rather excepted and added to the views that all man is responsible to live for himself to the best of himself and therefore be closer to the divine nature of self. Beware when the great God lets loose a thinker on this planet. Then all things are at risk. It is as when a conflagration has broken out in a great city, and no man knows what is safe, or where it will end. (Emerson) Many of the abolitionists and reformers of the 1800’s were seen as the embodiment of Transcendentalism. While others major social reformers, activists and philosophers such as Martineau Gandhi, and even Barack Obama have been influenced by Emerson and Thoreau. However no matter how great the influence and the outcome Emerson was a thinker waiting for the rest of the world to catch up with him in his beliefs. The reason he is and always will be a beacon of reason and hope to all of humanity can in a few words be reflected by his sense of divinity of self. â€Å"Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could; some blunders and absurdities have crept in; forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day; you shall begin it serenely and with too high a spirit to be encumbered with your old nonsense. †(Emerson) Sources; Emerson, R. W. Nature. Emerson, R. W. (1841). The Over-Soul, Essays the first series. Emerson, R. W. (1842). The Trancendeltalist, from Lectures. Boston. MCMichael. (2007). Anthology of American Literature. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Thoreau, H. D. Walden. http://www. transcendentalists. com/index. htm http://www. rwe. org/ http://www. npr. org/programs/morning/features/patc/walden/

Mind and Citadel Essay Example for Free

Mind and Citadel Essay Masculinity is the properties characteristic of the male sex. Characteristics include strength, toughness, brutality and many more. All of which are the characteristics of the boys who attended The Citadel in hopes of leaving the school as men. Susan Faludi, author of The Naked Citadel, writes about the problems within the prestigious school, the major problem, being sexism. The Citadel’s problem can be almost clearly supported by Malcom Gladwell’s Power of Context argument from his book the Tipping Point. The militaristic environment at the Citadel changes each cadet’s character into an extreme emotionally ruined version of who they once were. These changes turn into violence in the extreme. Perception is the key to many disagreements within society. This holds true in the situation that affects The Citadel. When a girl, Shannon Faulkner, applies to be the first female admitted to the Cadet Corps. She attempts to mess with the system by leaving out her gender. The perception at the Citadel is that women would not be a good fit in the school. Tradition has a major part with this. It is apparent that Shannon’s entrance to the Citadel has proven to become a threat to the Citadel community since it is an all-male institution, intended to train real men. The Citadel has always been an all boy school as â€Å"except of course, they weren’t really boys at all. These were college men† (Faludi 78). Who’s to say however that they are in fact men? What defines a man? Within the society a man is expected to think, act and live in a masculine manner. Showing emotions or sensitivity is considered taboo among the males. In the Citadel a man can act in a manner in which the threat of breaking the public norms is not eminent. The way of life in the Citadel made it almost impossible to live for a woman. Society as a whole saw the Citadel as an established all male school and they were determined to keep it that way. However, this perception is based on what is seen from an outside perspective. Gladwell defines this aspect of perception of character as the FAE, Fundamental Attribution Error. Gladwell writes, â€Å"The mistake we make in thinking of character as something unified and all-encompassing is very similar to a kind of blind spot in the way we process information† (162). If character is something unified, then everyone must be classified as one in the same. The mistake the Citadel is making is having their all boy school rule become a blind spot for the future. The future that lies ahead can never be, if the Citadel sticks to their tradition. While tradition is what made the school so prestigious, a change in time may also need a change in tradition. A women can just as easily â€Å"be one of the guys† as any other guy. While men have defining characteristics that make them appear different from women, there are many attributes, such as personality that isn’t so distinctive between certain people. The Citadel being filled with men who everyone knew would resist the idea of a women being admitted to the school, needed someone who could â€Å"fit† in. â€Å"Robert Patterson, the Citadel attorney who had previously represented V. M. I. , asked Astin, his voice full of unflattering insinuation about the kind of woman he imagined her to be. Astin: I suppose the same as the kind of men who want to go there. Patterson: Would it be a woman that would not be all that different from men? Astin: Yes. † (Faludi 95). This quick interrogation of Alexander Astin explains that men and women are not different after all. While Patterson thought he found the winning point to his case, he actually put himself and the Citadel in a hole. Women, who would apply to The Citadel, feel that they have the ability to compete with the existing me inside. Everyone knew how the Citadel was run. It was filled with aggressive men under military rules. But Shannon Faulkner still applied. Sharron Faulkner was the type of women that Patterson perceived would be able to attend the Citadel. You could cite her memory that as a small child she preferred playing outside with the boys to playing with certain girls whom she deemed â€Å"too prissy†Ã¢â‚¬  (Faludi 96). Shannon was always, â€Å"one of the boys†. Her background and general attitude is extremely similar to anyone of the â€Å"men† at the Citadel. Even with this, the Citadel is still against the idea. â€Å"The psychologist Walter Mischel argues that the human mind has a kind of â€Å"reducing valve† that â€Å"creates and maintains the perception of continuity even in the face of perpetual observed changes in actual behavior† (Gladwell 162). The way our mind works, it is hard for people to have multiple views on something. In the case of the Citadel, society perceived the school as a strict all boy school that is not suitable for any women. Society also perceived Shannon as just a woman. â€Å"Just† isn’t putting down that aspect, but that is all that society saw her as. So if the Citadel is looked at and known as an all boys militaristic school that women would never be able to step foot into as a student and Shannon was looked at as just a woman then in no way shape or form would she ever be allowed to attend that school. That’s the problem with our society. We base our judgment on what we see, not on what we know. Any women who is willing to put herself through that type of embarrassment and trouble and even death threats just to get into a school, in my mind is more of a man than any of those kids in the Citadel. Society is filled with stereotypes and that is what everyone is based off of. You, the next guy and me will always be looked at by society as part of a stereotype. This is the problem with the Citadel, and society in general. Perception is key in all events that occur at the Citadel. Perception plays a strong role in the Power of Context as wells as sexism at the Citadel. The focus on environment is the main aspect of the Power of Context. It says the people are â€Å"acutely sensitive to their environment† (Gladwell 159). People are therefore prompted to do certain things based on their perception of their environment. This is exactly what was occurring at the Citadel. The cadets were prompted to react physically towards each other based on what their perception of a man was. Knobs told me that they were forced to run through the showers while the upperclassman â€Å"gaurds† knocked the soap out of their hands and, when the knobs leaned over to retrieve it the upperclassman would unzip their pants and yell, â€Å"Don’t pick it up, don’t pick it up! We’ll use you like we used those girls! † (Faludi 105). The Citadel continually expresses the idea of being a man. However, the upperclassman takes advantage of this and confuses strength of a man with violence. These knobs that come into the university as boys, are turning into emotionally stunted individuals. They lack the understanding of a real man. As well as what it means to be in a relationship a part from other men. Women, whether they believe so or not, are a great importance to the future of the Citadel. The reality of the Citadel, however, is that it’s producing less â€Å"men† and more homosexuals. This may in fact be a direct result of no women in the vicinity. â€Å"When a Citadel attorney asked Doucet why female cadets would pose a problem on the campus, the only issue he raised was the humiliation that cadets feel if women observe the cadets’ on-campus interactions† (Faludi 104). Humiliation may be one of the strongest emotions that can alter ones character forever. However, if women were allowed in the school than humiliation would not be an issue because the men would change their ways to please women. Women posed no actual threat to the school, except the embarrassment of the cadets. Is that even a legitimate reason to prevent a girl of getting an education? Shannon was faced with more humiliation and threats than the boys in the school could ever imagine. Then, as they turned back to the house, they saw that across the white porch columns and along the siding of the house, the words, â€Å"Bitch,† â€Å"Dyke,† â€Å"Whore,† and â€Å"Lesbo† (Faludi 94). The Citadel Cadets were criticizing Shannon Faulkner because she wanted to be accepted. It just so happens that all the terms they used all categorized her as a man. Shannon could speak, act and dress like a man but no matter what she will never be able to be fully accepted beca use in their minds only a man a true man is suited for the school. The controversy at the Citadel is a sad but eye opening example of how our society is. Society puts them in a mindset where only one way is the right way. If society can open up their brains to more opportunities than a lot of problems would be alleviated. Malcom Gladwell poses the reasoning of the Citadels problems with the idea of the Power of Context. There is so much that goes on in a situation that it should never be that easy to give an answer. The situation at the Citadel is un-fair and wrong. Women are just as smart and important as men and should have the same rules. But in that argument, if you want to be treated the same, you can’t complain.

Planning for Demolition of Building

Planning for Demolition of Building Identify a derelict building and taking into account factors such as its previous use, condition, structural features and location, prepare a plan for the safe demolition of the building that identifies the preferred method of demolition and outlines suitable technical and procedural control measures. The objectives of this report are to identify a derelict building and plan its demolition. The planning has to take account of the specificities of the buildings structure, its previous use, the site, the neighbouring properties and other parameters. Control measures from a health and safety point of view have to be included. The building identified is a very old Victorian three-storey building that has not been used for many years. The methodology consists of analysing the existing structure and adjoining properties. A detailed description of the structure has been given and the demolition sequence has been chosen in accordance with the structure and in a way to cause minimal disruption to other properties and the general public. The actual demolition plan is given in the form of a list of tasks and a brief explanation for each task. The demolition process has been divided into critical phases. The control measures have been incorporated in the plan of the demolition but a health and safety risk assessment has been done that lists the possible hazards from such a work. 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Derelict Building 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Structures to be Demolished This three storey Victorian building is one of three buildings in the same compound that used to house an old hospital on the site.The other two are also not in use and there are plans to demolish them as well but at a later date. The Victorian building is a detached three storey building positioned centrally on the site with a shed used as boiler house on one side.Access is from the south side where the building is about 10 m from the road. The Boiler House is set to the north of the building but is detached from the main building. It consists of one tall stone building with attached oil and water tanks. There is a network of underground pipes between the boiler house and the Victorian buildings for the supply of hot water for domestic and heating purposes. As most Victorian buildings of that size, these buildings have certain characteristics that distinguish them from other buildings. The building construction is of masonry. The load bearing walls are made of two lines of brick with no gap in between. These external walls rise undisrupted to the roof. The roof consists of square timber rafters sitting on a timber ring beam on top of the walls. The rafters support a series if rectangular timber purlins that in turn support the slate tiles that form the roof. The edges are sealed by hammered lead foils. The internal floors are made up of timber joists supported by stone brackets off the brick walls. A grid of timber beams are supported off the joists and wooden planks are nailed to the top of the timber beams. The partition walls consist of plastered timber frames. The buildings also consist of basement that have been sealed several years ago but has not been filled. There is no insulation on the walls and roof and there is no air conditioning installed in the building. The only services are the hot and cold water pipes, drainage pipes and electric wiring. The water pipes date from the original construction and are of lead. The sanitary drainage pipes also date from original and consist of 5 cast iron pipes and fittings lined with bitumen. The electric wiring has been installed much later and has been fixed to the timber joists by means of nailed clips. The boiler house is a stone building with corrugated iron sheet roof. It contains a coal-fired boiler that is out of operation. The boiler is connected to the Victorian buildings via underground pipes to supply hot water. The Boiler House also contains a large number of pipe work and fittings as well as a coal pit. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adjacent Land Use The site is situated between two main roads on the South andEast sides and two B-class roads on the North and West sides. The site shares a boundary with a much newer construction used as NHS clinic which will remain in use during the demolition. The site is surrounded completely with 2.5 m tall masonry walls except on the south side. The south side is cordoned by wrought iron fencing. There is no wall between the parking lot of the clinic and the compound. 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ground Conditions Ground investigations were carried out on samples of the south of the site during the construction of some of the newer buildings. The investigation results are available from the council. Since no new construction is being undertaken in this project, ground information is deemed to be unnecessary. 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Description of Works 2.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Methodology 2.1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Survey Since the building has not been in use for a significant period of time, its exact state is not known even to the client. So the first thing to be done is a full structural survey of the building to assess the danger from hazardous material and to decide on the best method of carrying out the work. This will need to be done as early as the tender stage as the information from this survey will be essential for the rest of the work. Before the start of the demolition, a full scale demolition survey will need to be done. This should take account of the following(Holroyd, 1999): Adjoining properties The type of structure and the key elements in it. The condition of the elements. Any requirement for temporary works or staging during demolition. Are there any confined spaces. Are there hazards from asbestos, lead, contaminated land, etc? Is access and egress adequate? 2.1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preferred Method The demolition can be carried in a number of ways but given the proximity of other properties such as the NHS block and main roads, the demolition should be carried out in a way as to minimise disruption to the neighbourhood and also to cause minimum noise level. The demolition should be planned to be carried out in a controlled manner from top to bottom, de-constructing the components in the reverse order of original construction. Demolition balls will be used only as the last resort and no explosive will be used. 2.1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Method Statement A method statement needs to be prepared before the job starts and should cover (Holroyd, 1999): The sequence and method of demolition noting access/egress details. Pre-weakening details of the structure Personnel safety, including the general public Service removal/make safe Services to be provided Flammable problems Hazardous substances The use of transport and waste removal Identity of people with control responsibilities. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Particulars of Work 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 1: Planning Before the demolition starts, careful planning is required to ensure smooth operations. It also allows problems to be identified at an early stage. The cost of remedial action at the planning stage is significantly less than that at the demolition stage. So, allocation of time and effort to careful and thorough planning is very important. 3.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 2: Site Preparation Once on site, the demolition cannot start immediately. There is a lot of work that needs to be done to make the demolition work possible.Several preventive measures and control measures have to be established right at the start. It is cheaper and better than to apply remedial action when things go wrong. The planning stage must have identified the areas that need attention and the control measures that are required. The processes involved in the actual demolition are site specific and site preparations must be done accordingly. Good site preparation also allows minimal disruption to the neighbourhood. 3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 3: Demolition of Boiler House From the risk assessment, it is clear that the boiler house, although much smaller in size that the main building, represents a greater health hazard to the site workers as it contains asbestos, oil tanks, water tanks and a lot of pipe work. To reduce the exposure of the personnel to such risks, it has been decided to demolish and make safe the boiler house first before starting with the main building. 3.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 4: Demolition of Main Building The main building will be demolished manually as far as possible. In order to contain the noise and air pollution as much as possible, the external walls and roof will be maintained until the entire interior has been demolished. The internal partitions do not contribute to the structural strength and stability of the building and it is therefore safe to demolish them. The floors do provide some lateral stability to the walls and will not be removed until an alternative temporary support is not provided to the walls. 3.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phase 5: Site Reinstatement After the demolition is complete, the site has to be cleared of remaining debris and decommissioning of site offices and other facilities installed for the purpose of the site. The site offices and welfare facilities will be removed. The state of residual contamination has to be assessed and if any remedial action needs to be taken, it should be done. The landscaping should be re-established. Finally, the fencing and screens will be removed and the site handed-over. 3.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other Elements The Principal Contractor should also be aware of the following: Traffic Management, an increased awareness is required for traffic control to and from the site from the South and East sides. The South side adjoins a particularly busy road with several shopping complexes further along the road. Unauthorised access to site from clinic block Unauthorised access from the main roads. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control Measures 4.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Health Hazards 4.1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operational Hazards Electric shock/burns Striking existing services Working at height Disconnecting of existing services Operating machinery, equipment, hand tools and mobile plant Hot works Manual handling Slip, trip, fall type injuries Dust / fumes Crush type injuries Contact with harmful substances Working in contaminated ground Working in confined spaces 4.1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hazardous Construction Materials Materials within the project with the potential to cause a hazard to health and safety: Aggregates Fuel oils Sand Glass fibre insulation Sewage Glass Wood treatment products Used drainage pipes Dust Cement Mastics Sealants Paints Floor Mastics / glues Asphalt Fumes 4.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CDM The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations came in effect in UK 31st March 1995. The main duties of the five key parties (CIRIA, 2001) are: The Client shall appoint a competent planning supervisor and principal contractor for each project The Designer should design structures to avoid, wherever possible, foreseeable risks to health and safety during construction, maintenance and cleaning work. Information should be provided on unavoidable risks. Design includes the preparation of specifications and not limited to calculations and drawings. The Planning Supervisor the organisation or person with overall responsibility for ensuring co-ordination of the health and safety aspects of the design and planning phase, the early stages of the health and safety plan and health and safety file. The Principal Contractor develops the construction-phase health and safety plan and manages and co-ordinates the activities of all contractors to ensure they comply with health and safety legislation. They have duties relating to the provision of information and training on health and safety for everyone on site and the coordination of employees views working on site. Contractors and the Self-Employed must co-operate with the principal contractor and other contractors and provide relevant information on the risks created by their work and how they will be controlled. 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  References Bibliography Site Safety Handbook, 3rd Edition,CIRIA, 2001 Brown, D. The Construction (Design and Management regulations 1994: Advice for Designers in Steel, Steel Construction Institute, 1997. Holroyd, Trevor M, Site Management for Engineers, Thomas Telford, 1999 CIRIA, Environmental Handbook for Building and Civil Engineering Projects: Construction Phase, Thomas Telford, 1998 Managing Demolition and Construction Wastes, Department of the Environment, 1994 Demolition of Special Structures, The concrete Society, 1984 Safety in Demolition Work, Health and Safety Executive, 1979

Essay on Shirley Jacksons The Lottery - Effective Use of Character Na

Effective Use of Character Names in The Lottery   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The common curse of mankind, --folly and ignorance† (Shakespeare).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Were he alive, William Shakespeare might fully endorse Shirley Jackson’s ideas as presented in The Lottery.   The author, Jackson, very distinctly uses symbolic names for her characters to show the ignorance of the sacrificial lottery, which the small village holds year after year.   These sacrifices, which used to be held to appease the god of harvest, have grown meaningless in their culture.   Jackson uses the characters not only to visualize the story for the reader, but also each one has a meaning, which adds to the ultimate theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the leaders and MOST important MEN of the town is Mr. Summers.   Summer is a season of the year.   It is the season of growing, the season of life.   His name   represents partly the old pagan fertility ritual because the harvest that is being sacrificed to is being grown in the summer.   This is supposedly, according to Old Man Warner, what the lottery held each year was all about.   But, in this case, the harvest should be fine because the setting of the story tells us that â€Å"the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (74). Mr. Summers did many things to slowly wean the old tradition, the old harshness, out of the ordeal.   He had the wooden chips replaced with more convenient slips of paper.   He also â€Å"spoke frequently...about making a new box† (75), so, therefore, he also represented new ideas as well as old.   The new ideas that the close-minded village people would not accept.   If given the chance, Mr. Summers would have more than likely accepted and backed the motion to cease the lottery and stop the sacrifice.   Even though... ...haracters names to symbolize meanings that she could not get across to the reader any other way.   She showed how Mr. Graves’ sacrificial killing and Old Man Warner’s strong tradition was too much of a history for Mr. Summers new ideas and young Watson’s realizations.   Mrs. Hutchinson still got her hand in the box and the stone up the side of her head. I AM NOT SURE HOW, BUT YOU CAUSED ME TO LAUGH AT SUCH A SOLOMN STORY.   YOU DID A VERY GOOD JOB RESEARCHING YOUR TOPIC AND CITING YOUR SOURCES.   BE CAREFUL NOT TO USE CONTRACTION AND AVOID SLANG TERMS.   I THOUGHT YOUR CONCLUSION WAS A LITTLE ABRUPT, BUT IT WAS NOT BAD.   OVERALL THIS WAS A VERY GOOD PAPER AND I ENJOYED READING IT. Works Cited: Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery." 1949 Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

Why the Whitechapel Murders Attracted so Much Attention Essay -- Papers

Why the Whitechapel Murders Attracted so Much Attention In this question I will be studying the various reasons why the Whitechapel murders attracted so much attention in 1888. This will focus on the Ripper victims and their own personal backgrounds, the murders and the similarities including the fact that they became more increasingly violent, the extensive press coverage due to the brutal murders as well as the increased press coverage on anti-Semitism and finally I will write about the actions of the mile end vigilance committee. My focus will turn to the 5 main ripper victims Mary Ann Nicholls (Polly), Annie Chapman, Elizabeth stride, Catherine Eddows and mary Kelly. There are many similarities between these five victims which link them to be the most believable ripper victims. The most initial similarity between all 5 women was that they were all prostitutes working in the same area all of the prostitutes were all of the same age of around 45 apart from one named Mary Kelly as she was aged around 25.the serial killers spree began on august 31st 1888 with the murder of a middle aged prostitute named Mary Ann Nicholls called Polly by some. As with all the victims she was a very heavy drinker. Polly had five children and had separated from her husband Mary Ann at the time was living in a house at 13 millers' court. The ripper's second victim was again an (47 year old) prostitute named Annie Chapman. Also a mother and like all the prostitutes she was a heavy drinker, she again was separated from her husand.she prostituted in order to pay for her drinking habit, Annie's appearance was not the best for a 47 year old as she had a... ...y was received on the 17th September 1888 stating that giving a reward would do more harm then good and rejected his offer. Having examined the evidence there was several factors which linked together attracted nation wide attention to the white chapel murders such the brutality of the murders themselves also due to the similarities and differences off all the prostitutes. But I think the real factors which the attracted the nation wide attention was of the three letter which were printed in the newspapers as they contained plisit information about the murders themselves and the startling letter which contained a piece of human kidney, which was said in the letter that that excrement's were fried and eaten. So in conclusion I think that the sickness of the mind of jack the ripper grabbed the world wide attention.

Basic Telescope Physical and Optical Characteristics Essay -- physics

Here you will find a variety of information on the optical characteristics of various types of telescopes as well as some of the basic underlying physics behind them. This includes some information that pertains to the preformance degredation of a telescope optical system (for instance, vignetting and air turbulance) and a few concepts of mirror design (the parabolic shape and over/under correction of the primary mirror). I'd recommend starting with the "Optical Paths" section so you can familiarize yourself with some of the basic types and concepts of several of the widely used telescope designs before reading the other sections. Optical Paths of Various Types of Telescopes Here is one of the most interesting parts of astronomy and star gazing: the equipment. There are four different types of basic telescope designs that are in use today. One of these, perhaps the most widely known, is the Refractor. The refracting telescope was first utilized for astronomy by Galileo Galilei in 1609, but it was invented by the German Dutch lens maker named Hans Lippershey in 1608 (Zoom Inventors and Inventions). There are also three other types of common telescopes. These include the Shmidt Cassegrain, Maksutov Cassegrain, and the Newtonian Reflector. In terms of design, they all have different advantages and disadvantages (including cost considerations) that have to be taken into account if one were to decide on a particular design to purchase. Ultimately, the physics behind the the different designs will have an effect in influencing a purchasing decision. But before the four different designs are discussed with greater detail, a few technical terms must be introduce d and defined. Central Obstruction - Refers to the secondary mirror ... ...ope Basics. 18 Nov. 2002 Freudenrich, Craig. How Telescopes Work. How Stuff Works. 18 Nov. 2002 ACEPT W3 Group. The Refraction of Light Part II. 14 Dec. 1999. 18 Nov. 2002 Vignetting Caused by the Limiting Aperature of Various Tubes and Adapters. 18 Nov. 2002 Marvelde, Arjan. A 10'' Newton Telescope. 17 Nov. 2002 VandeWettering, Mark. Telescope Basics. 18 Nov. 2002 The Meade UHTC Group. 19 Nov. 2002